Neighbor danger: Yellow fever virus epizootics in urban and urban-rural transition areas of Minas Gerais state, during 2017-2018 yellow fever outbreaks in Brazil

Autor: Matheus Soares Arruda, Adriano Pereira Paglia, Rodolfo Stumpp, Lívia Sacchetto, Natalia Ingrid Oliveira Silva, Thais Alkifeles Costa, Erna Geessien Kroon, Betânia Paiva Drumond, Gabriela Fernanda Garcia Oliveira, Alaine Izabela Alves Prado, Pedro Augusto Alves, Érica Munhoz de Mello, Fernando A. Perini, Izabela Maurício de Rezende, Giliane de Souza Trindade, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira, Vítor Emídio de Mendonça, Benoit de Thoisy
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
RNA viruses
Veterinary medicine
RC955-962
Social Sciences
Monkeys
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
medicine.disease_cause
Callicebus
Geographical locations
law.invention
Urban Environments
Aedes
law
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Zoonoses
Medicine and Health Sciences
Alouatta
Geographic Areas
Mammals
Mammalian Genomics
Geography
biology
Yellow fever
Eukaryota
Callithrix
Animal Models
Genomics
Terrestrial Environments
Infectious Diseases
Transmission (mechanics)
Experimental Organism Systems
Medical Microbiology
Sapajus
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Vertebrates
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Yellow fever virus
Pathogens
Brazil
Research Article
Urban Areas
Primates
Genome
Viral
Mosquito Vectors
Aedes aegypti
Human Geography
Research and Analysis Methods
Microbiology
Urban Geography
Urbanization
Yellow Fever
Infestation
Genetics
medicine
Animals
Humans
Epidemics
Microbial Pathogens
Disease Reservoirs
New World monkeys
Biology and life sciences
Flaviviruses
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Organisms
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Outbreak
South America
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Rural Areas
Animal Genomics
Amniotes
Earth Sciences
Animal Studies
People and places
Marmosets
Rural area
Zoology
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e0008658 (2020)
ISSN: 1935-2735
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008658
Popis: Background From the end of 2016 until the beginning of 2019, Brazil faced a massive sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreak. The 2016–2019 YF epidemics affected densely populated areas, especially the Southeast region, causing thousands of deaths of humans and non-human primates (NHP). Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a molecular investigation of yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA in 781 NHP carcasses collected in the urban, urban-rural interface, and rural areas of Minas Gerais state, from January 2017 to December 2018. Samples were analyzed according to the period of sampling, NHP genera, sampling areas, and sampling areas/NHP genera to compare the proportions of YFV-positive carcasses and the estimated YFV genomic loads. YFV infection was confirmed in 38.1% of NHP carcasses (including specimens of the genera Alouatta, Callicebus, Callithrix, and Sapajus), from the urban, urban-rural interface, and rural areas. YFV RNA detection was positively associated with epidemic periods (especially from December to March) and the rural environment. Higher median viral genomic loads (one million times) were estimated in carcasses collected in rural areas compared to urban ones. Conclusions/Significance The results showed the wide occurrence of YF in Minas Gerais in epidemic and non-epidemic periods. According to the sylvatic pattern of YF, a gradient of viral dissemination from rural towards urban areas was observed. A high YF positivity was observed for NHP carcasses collected in urban areas with a widespread occurrence in 67 municipalities of Minas Gerais, including large urban centers. Although there was no documented case of urban/Aedes YFV transmission to humans in Brazil during the 2016–2019 outbreaks, YFV-infected NHP in urban areas with high infestation by Aedes aegypti poses risks for YFV urban/Aedes transmission and urbanization.
Author summary Brazil faced the most massive sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreak in 2016–2019. The outbreak affected highly densely populated areas, and Minas Gerais was the most affected state with thousands of deaths of human and non-human primates (NHP). We investigated the yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA in NHP carcasses collected throughout Minas Gerais in 2017 and 2018. We demonstrated the wide occurrence of YFV-infected NHP, including the viral persistence during the non-epidemic dry season of 2017. YFV RNA was detected in NHP carcasses in the urban, urban-rural interface and rural areas. We have also detected new YF cases in 49 municipalities where YF cases have not been previously detected during the outbreaks. Estimates of YFV genomic load in naturally infected NHP carcasses showed high and similar loads in specimens (Alouatta, Callithrix, and Callicebus) collected in rural areas and lower genomic loads in the urban-rural interface and urban Callithrix specimens. The presence of YFV inside urban areas poses an imminent risk, although no human case was epidemiologically linked to urban/Aedes transmission during the last outbreaks in Brazil.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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