Sex-dependent expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (amh) and amh receptor 2 during sex organ differentiation and characterization of the Müllerian duct development in Xenopus tropicalis
Autor: | Cecilia Berg, Erika Jansson, Jared V. Goldstone, Anna Mattsson |
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Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
Anti-Mullerian Hormone
Male 0301 basic medicine endocrine system medicine.medical_specialty Sex Differentiation Receptors Peptide Mullerian Ducts Xenopus Cellular differentiation 03 medical and health sciences Endocrinology Internal medicine medicine Animals Silurana Sexual differentiation biology urogenital system Cell Differentiation Anti-Müllerian hormone biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology CYP17A1 biology.protein Female Animal Science and Zoology Receptors Transforming Growth Factor beta Developmental biology Hormone |
Zdroj: | General and Comparative Endocrinology. 229:132-144 |
ISSN: | 0016-6480 |
Popis: | Amphibian gonadal differentiation involves the action of sex steroids. Recent research indicates that the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is involved in testicular development in some lower vertebrate species. For amphibians there is a lack of data on ontogenetic expression of the AMH receptor AMHR2/amhr2 and of progesterone receptors (PGRS/pgrs). Here we expand the knowledge on amphibian sex differentiation by characterizing ontogenetic mRNA levels of amh, amhr2, intracellular and membrane pgrs (ipgr and mpgr beta) and cytochrome P450 19a1 (cyp19a1) (ovarian marker) in the urogenital complex of the model species Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis. Furthermore, we characterized the ontogenetic development of the Müllerian ducts (precursors of the female reproductive tract) histologically. The developmental period investigated spanned from beginning of gonadal differentiation, Nieuwkoop and Faber (NF) stage 51, to 4weeks post-metamorphosis. The Müllerian ducts were first observed at NF 64 in both sexes. Male-enhanced amh mRNA levels from NF 53/54 to 6days post-metamorphosis and female-enhanced cyp19a1 levels from NF 53 to 4weeks post-metamorphosis were noted. The sexually dimorphic mRNA level profile was more distinct for amh than for cyp19a1. The pgrs mRNA levels increased over the studied period and showed no sex differences. At later developmental stages, the amhr2 mRNA level was increased in putative females compared with males. Our findings suggest that AMH has a role in gonadal differentiation in X. tropicalis. We propose relative gonadal amh mRNA level as a testicular marker during early gonadal development in amphibians. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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