Mast cells: from lipid droplets to lipid mediators
| Autor: | Wolfgang J. Schneider, Petri T. Kovanen, Andrea Dichlberger |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
BMMC
bone-marrow-derived MC lipid droplet AA arachidonic acid Review Article chemistry.chemical_compound PC phosphatidylcholine MC mast cell Lipid droplet EET epoxyeicosatrienoic acid LDL low-density lipoprotein MAG monoacylglycerol Mast Cells Eicosanoid metabolism DGAT2 DAG-acyltransferase 2 General Medicine Lipids Cell biology triacylglycerol (triglyceride) PL phospholipid Biochemistry Arachidonic acid lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) PGHS PGH synthase HSL hormone-sensitive lipase KITLG KIT ligand LD lipid droplet LT leukotriene Biology S3 PE phosphatidylethanolamine PI phosphatidylinositol ER endoplasmic reticulum COX cyclo-oxygenase Immune system sPLA2 secretory PLA2 HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid arachidonic acid Animals Humans cPLA2 cytosolic PLA2 lipid mediator PG prostaglandin PAF platelet-activating factor ACSL acyl-CoA synthetase Inflammation ATGL adipose triglyceride lipase Innate immune system TAG triacylglyercol PLA2 phospholipase A2 MGL monoglyceride lipase VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein Lipid signaling LO lipoxygenase CE cholesteryl esters IL interleukin HPETE hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid chemistry Cytoplasm eicosanoid Eicosanoids mast cell DAG diacylglycerol Homeostasis |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Science (London, England : 1979) |
| ISSN: | 1470-8736 0143-5221 |
| Popis: | LDs (lipid droplets) are metabolically highly active intracellular organelles. The lipid and protein profiles of LDs are cell-type-specific, and they undergo dynamic variation upon changes in the physiological state of a cell. It is well known that the main function of the LDs in adipocytes is to ensure energy supply and to maintain lipid homoeostasis in the body. In contrast, LDs in inflammatory cells have been implicated in eicosanoid biosynthesis, particularly under inflammatory conditions, thereby enabling them to regulate immune responses. Human mast cells are potent effector cells of the innate immune system, and the triacylglycerol (triglyceride) stores of their cytoplasmic LDs have been shown to contain large amounts of arachidonic acid, the main precursor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge about the formation and function of LDs in inflammatory cells with specific emphasis on arachidonic acid and eicosanoid metabolism. On the basis of findings reported previously and our new observations, we propose a model in which lipolysis of LD-triacylglycerols provides arachidonic acid for lipid mediator generation in human mast cells. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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