Evolution of cooperation in stochastic games
Autor: | Michael A. Nowak, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Štěpán Šimsa, Christian Hilbe |
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Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Stochastic Processes Multidisciplinary Feedback Psychological Decision Making Stochastic game Tragedy of the commons Evolutionary game theory Social dilemma Biological Evolution 01 natural sciences Reciprocity (evolution) Group Processes Microeconomics 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology Incentive Game Theory 0103 physical sciences Economics Cooperative Behavior Social evolution 010306 general physics Game theory Probability |
Zdroj: | Nature. 559:246-249 |
ISSN: | 1476-4687 0028-0836 |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41586-018-0277-x |
Popis: | Social dilemmas occur when incentives for individuals are misaligned with group interests1–7. According to the ‘tragedy of the commons’, these misalignments can lead to overexploitation and collapse of public resources. The resulting behaviours can be analysed with the tools of game theory8. The theory of direct reciprocity9–15 suggests that repeated interactions can alleviate such dilemmas, but previous work has assumed that the public resource remains constant over time. Here we introduce the idea that the public resource is instead changeable and depends on the strategic choices of individuals. An intuitive scenario is that cooperation increases the public resource, whereas defection decreases it. Thus, cooperation allows the possibility of playing a more valuable game with higher payoffs, whereas defection leads to a less valuable game. We analyse this idea using the theory of stochastic games16–19 and evolutionary game theory. We find that the dependence of the public resource on previous interactions can greatly enhance the propensity for cooperation. For these results, the interaction between reciprocity and payoff feedback is crucial: neither repeated interactions in a constant environment nor single interactions in a changing environment yield similar cooperation rates. Our framework shows which feedbacks between exploitation and environment—either naturally occurring or designed—help to overcome social dilemmas. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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