Elemental Characterization and Discrimination of Nontoxic Ammunition Using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis and Principal Components Analysis
| Autor: | Brian C. Hunter, Seth R. Hogg, Ruth Waddell Smith |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Strontium
Materials science Scanning electron microscope 010401 analytical chemistry Analytical chemistry chemistry.chemical_element Element composition 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences Pathology and Forensic Medicine Characterization (materials science) Ammunition 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine chemistry Principal component analysis Genetics 030216 legal & forensic medicine X ray analysis Chemical composition |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Forensic Sciences. 61:35-42 |
| ISSN: | 0022-1198 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/1556-4029.12881 |
| Popis: | Concerns over the toxic by-products produced by traditional ammunition have led to an increase in popularity of nontoxic ammunition. In this work, the chemical composition of six brands of nontoxic ammunition was investigated and compared to that of a road flare, which served as an environmental source with similar composition. Five rounds of each brand were fired while a further five were disassembled and the primer alone was fired. Particles collected from all samples, including the road flare, were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Common elements among the different ammunition brands included aluminum, potassium, silicon, calcium, and strontium. Spectra were then subjected to principal components analysis in which association of the primer to the intact ammunition sample was generally possible, with distinction among brands and from the road flare sample. Further, PCA loadings plots indicated the elements responsible for the association and discrimination observed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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