Biochemical and Immunological implications of Lutein and Zeaxanthin
| Autor: | Radu Chicea, Marius Moga, Naureen Ehsan, Javaria Zafar, Codrut Ciurea, Amna Aqeel, Fatima Iftikhar Shah, Dana Festila, Umar Farooq Gohar, Marius Irimie |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Lutein
Oxidative degradation QH301-705.5 Drug Compounding Bioactive molecules Review Biology Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Biological Factors chemistry.chemical_compound Nutraceutical Drug Stability Zeaxanthins Humans Macula Lutea Food science Biology (General) Physical and Theoretical Chemistry macular carotenoids CRISPR/Cas9 QD1-999 Molecular Biology Carotenoid Spectroscopy Gene Editing chemistry.chemical_classification genetic engineering Esterification Organic Chemistry food and beverages General Medicine Research needs eye diseases Computer Science Applications Zeaxanthin Chemistry antioxidants chemistry Xanthophyll bioavailability lutein binding protein |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 10910, p 10910 (2021) International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms222010910 |
| Popis: | Throughout history, nature has been acknowledged for being a primordial source of various bioactive molecules in which human macular carotenoids are gaining significant attention. Among 750 natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macular region of living beings. Due to their vast applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals industries, the global market of lutein and zeaxanthin is continuously expanding but chemical synthesis, extraction and purification of these compounds from their natural repertoire e.g., plants, is somewhat costly and technically challenging. In this regard microbial as well as microalgal carotenoids are considered as an attractive alternative to aforementioned challenges. Through the techniques of genetic engineering and gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, the overproduction of lutein and zeaxanthin in microorganisms can be achieved but the commercial scale applications of such procedures needs to be done. Moreover, these carotenoids are highly unstable and susceptible to thermal and oxidative degradation. Therefore, esterification of these xanthophylls and microencapsulation with appropriate wall materials can increase their shelf-life and enhance their application in food industry. With their potent antioxidant activities, these carotenoids are emerging as molecules of vital importance in chronic degenerative, malignancies and antiviral diseases. Therefore, more research needs to be done to further expand the applications of lutein and zeaxanthin. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|