Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on metabolic syndrome

Autor: Hotaik Sung, Gi Soo Youn, Haripriya Gupta, Sang Jun Yoon, Hyeong Seob Kim, Na Young Lee, Ye Rin Choi, Min Jea Shin, Seul Ki Kim, Ki Tae Suk
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Nrf2
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

PPD
protopanaxadiol

Physiology
0302 clinical medicine
GLUT
glucose transporter type

CVD
Cardiovascular disease

IR
insulin resistance

MS
Metabolic syndrome

LDL
low-density lipoprotein

GS
ginsenoside

TBARS
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

VLDL
very low-density lipoprotein

GST-P
glutathione S-transferase placental form

TG
triglyceride

PCG-1α
PPAR-γ coactivator-1α

NAFLD
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Metabolic syndrome
SCD
Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase

AGE
advanced glycation end product

C/EBPα
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha

030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
COX-2
cyclooxygenase-2

CRP
C-reactive protein

iNOS
inducible nitric oxide synthase

Rg3-KGE
Rg3-enriched KRG extract

REKRG
Rg3-enriched KRG

DBP
diastolic blood pressure

Biochemistry
Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)

STZ
streptozotocin

PPAR
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

HOMA-IR
homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index

03 medical and health sciences
FFA
free fatty acid

FAS
Fatty acid synthase

EAT
epididymis adipose tissue

GBHT
ginseng-plus-Bai-Hu-Tang

MDA
malondialdehyde

NO
nitric oxide

Panax ginseng
CPT
current perception threshold

NF-кB
nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

medicine.disease
Obesity
Short Review
IL
interleukin

030104 developmental biology
Complementary and alternative medicine
FABP4
fatty acid binding protein 4

Akt
protein kinase B

MMP
Matrix metallopeptidases

SHR
spontaneously hypertensive rat

Dyslipidemia
ROS
Reactive oxygen species

0301 basic medicine
BMI
body mass index

NRF1
Nuclear respiratory factor 1

AST
aspartate aminotransferase

GST
glutathione S-transferase

Ginseng
Lex
lower extremities

Abdominal obesity
ACC
Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase

TNF
tumor necrosis factor

FS
fractional shortening

GPx
glutathione peroxidase

Fatty liver
t-BHP
tert-butyl hyperoxide

DEN
diethyl nitrosamine

NK cell
Natural killer cell

LPL
lipoprotein lipase

HCEF-RG
hypotensive components-enriched fraction of red ginseng

GTT
glucose tolerance test

medicine.symptom
tGST
total glutathione

PI3K
phosphoinositide 3-kinase

Biotechnology
FR
fine root concentration

HDL
high-density lipoprotein

I.P.
intraperitoneal injection

HbA1c
glycosylated hemoglobin

NMDA-NR1
N-methyl-D-aspartate NR1

OLETF rat
Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat

Insulin resistance
HFD
High fat diet

Diabetes mellitus
ALT
alanine aminotransferase

medicine
EF
ejection fraction

ITT
insulin tolerance test

UCP
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins

business.industry
SBP
systolic blood pressure

SREBP-1C
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1

Botany
PPT
protopanaxatriol

ADP
adenosine diphosphate

TC
total cholesterol

AMPK
AMP-activated protein kinase

QK1-989
AG
American ginseng extract

CPT-1
carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1

business
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
KRG
Korean Red Ginseng

STAT5
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5
Zdroj: Journal of Ginseng Research
Journal of Ginseng Research, Vol 45, Iss 3, Pp 380-389 (2021)
ISSN: 1226-8453
Popis: Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a clustering of at least three of the following medical conditions: high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, and high serum triglycerides. MS is related to a wide range of diseases which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There remains an ongoing need for improved treatment strategies for MS. The most important risk factors are dietary pattern, genetics, old age, lack of exercise, disrupted biology, medication usage, and excessive alcohol consumption, but pathophysiology of MS has not been completely identified. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) refers to steamed/dried ginseng, traditionally associated with beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. KRG has been often used in traditional medicine to treat multiple metabolic conditions. This paper summarizes the effects of KRG in MS and related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on experimental research and clinical studies.
Graphical abstract Image 1
Databáze: OpenAIRE