An Ocean-Colour Time Series for Use in Climate Studies: The Experience of the Ocean-Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI)

Autor:	Mark Dowell, François Steinmetz, Mati Kahru, Hajo Krasemann, Roland Doerffer, Jeremy Werdell, Samantha Lavender, John Swinton, Vittorio E. Brando, Gene C. Feldman, Vanda Brotas, Timothy S. Moore, Chris J. Steele, André Valente, Thomas Jackson, Malcolm Taberner, Carsten Brockmann, Robert Frouin, Peter Regner, André Belo Couto, James Dingle, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Constant Mazeran, Alex Farman, Dagmar Muller, Hui Feng, Marco Zuhlke, Susanne Kratzer, B. Greg Mitchell, Heidi M. Sosik, Robert J. W. Brewin, Frédéric Mélin, Stanford B. Hooker, Ben Calton, Richard W. Gould, Bryan A. Franz, Kenneth J. Voss, Steve Groom, Adam Thompson, Mike Grant, Paolo Cipollini, Andrew Horseman, Shovonlal Roy, Andrei Chuprin, Shubha Sathyendranath, Craig Donlon, Trevor Platt
Rok vydání:	2019
Předmět:	010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Environmental Science and Management 0211 other engineering and technologies Imaging spectrometer Climate change Image processing 02 engineering and technology lcsh:Chemical technology inherent optical properties 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Article climate change initiative ocean colour Analytical Chemistry water-leaving radiance remote-sensing reflectance phytoplankton chlorophyll-a Climate Change Initiative optical water classes Essential Climate Variable uncertainty characterisation lcsh:TP1-1185 14. Life underwater Electrical and Electronic Engineering Instrumentation essential climate variable 021101 geological & geomatics engineering 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Remote sensing Radiometer Ecology Pixel Atmospheric correction Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics Climate Action SeaWiFS 13. Climate action Environmental science Satellite Distributed Computing
Zdroj:	Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol 19, iss 19 Sensors (Basel) 19 (2019). doi:10.3390/s19194285 info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Sathyendranath S.; Brewin R.J.W.; Brockmann C.; Brotas V.; Calton B.; Chuprin A.; Cipollini P.; Couto A.B.; Dingle J.; Doerffer R.; Donlon C.; Dowell M.; Farman A.; Grant M.; Groom S.; Horseman A.; Jackson T.; Krasemann H.; Lavender S.; Martinez-Vicente V.; Mazeran C.; Melin F.; Moore T.S.; Muller D.; Regner P.; Roy S.; Steele C.J.; Steinmetz F.; Swinton J.; Taberner M.; Thompson A.; Valente A.; Zuhlke M.; Brando V.E.; Feng H.; Feldman G.; Franz B.A.; Frouin R.; Gould R.W.; Hooker S.B.; Kahru M.; Kratzer S.; Mitchell B.G.; Muller-Karger F.E.; Sosik H.M.; Voss K.J.; Werdell J.; Platt T./titolo:An ocean-colour time series for use in climate studies: The experience of the ocean-colour climate change initiative (OC-CCI)/doi:10.3390%2Fs19194285/rivista:Sensors (Basel)/anno:2019/pagina_da:/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine:/volume:19 Sathyendranath, S.; Brewin, R.; Brockmann, C.; Brotas, V.; Calton, B.; Chuprin, A.; Cipollini, P.; Couto, A.; Dingle, J.; Doerffer, R.; Donlon, C.; Dowell, M.; Grant, M.; Groom, S.; Horseman, A.; Jackson, T.; Krasemann, H.; Lavender, S.; Martinez-Vicente, V.; Mazeran, C.; Melin, F.; Moore, T.; Müller, D.; Regner, P.; Roy, S.; Steele, C.; Steinmetz, F.; Swinton, J.; Taberner, M.; Thompson, A.; Valente, A.; Zühlke, M.; Brando, V.; Feng, H.; Feldman, G.; Franz, B.; Frouin, R.; Gould, R.; Hooker, S.; Kahru, M.; Kratzer, S.; Mitchell, B.; Muller-Karger, F.; Sosik, H.; Voss, K.; Werdell, J.; Platt, T.: An Ocean-Colour Time Series for Use in Climate Studies: The Experience of the Ocean-Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). In: Sensors. Vol. 19 (2019) 19, 4285. (DOI: /10.3390/s19194285) Sensors Sensors (1424-8220) (MDPI AG), 2019-10, Vol. 19, N. 19, P. 4285 (31p.) Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 19, p 4285 (2019) Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Volume 19 Issue 19
ISSN:	1424-8220
DOI:	10.3390/s19194285
Popis:	Ocean colour is recognised as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and spectrally-resolved water-leaving radiances (or remote-sensing reflectances) in the visible domain, and chlorophyll-a concentration are identified as required ECV products. Time series of the products at the global scale and at high spatial resolution, derived from ocean-colour data, are key to studying the dynamics of phytoplankton at seasonal and inter-annual scales their role in marine biogeochemistry the global carbon cycle the modulation of how phytoplankton distribute solar-induced heat in the upper layers of the ocean and the response of the marine ecosystem to climate variability and change. However, generating a long time series of these products from ocean-colour data is not a trivial task: algorithms that are best suited for climate studies have to be selected from a number that are available for atmospheric correction of the satellite signal and for retrieval of chlorophyll-a concentration since satellites have a finite life span, data from multiple sensors have to be merged to create a single time series, and any uncorrected inter-sensor biases could introduce artefacts in the series, e.g., different sensors monitor radiances at different wavebands such that producing a consistent time series of reflectances is not straightforward. Another requirement is that the products have to be validated against in situ observations. Furthermore, the uncertainties in the products have to be quantified, ideally on a pixel-by-pixel basis, to facilitate applications and interpretations that are consistent with the quality of the data. This paper outlines an approach that was adopted for generating an ocean-colour time series for climate studies, using data from the MERIS (MEdium spectral Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) sensor of the European Space Agency the SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of-view Sensor) and MODIS-Aqua (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Aqua) sensors from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) and VIIRS (Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA). The time series now covers the period from late 1997 to end of 2018. To ensure that the products meet, as well as possible, the requirements of the user community, marine-ecosystem modellers, and remote-sensing scientists were consulted at the outset on their immediate and longer-term requirements as well as on their expectations of ocean-colour data for use in climate research. Taking the user requirements into account, a series of objective criteria were established, against which available algorithms for processing ocean-colour data were evaluated and ranked. The algorithms that performed best with respect to the climate user requirements were selected to process data from the satellite sensors. Remote-sensing reflectance data from MODIS-Aqua, MERIS, and VIIRS were band-shifted to match the wavebands of SeaWiFS. Overlapping data were used to correct for mean biases between sensors at every pixel. The remote-sensing reflectance data derived from the sensors were merged, and the selected in-water algorithm was applied to the merged data to generate maps of chlorophyll concentration, inherent optical properties at SeaWiFS wavelengths, and the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm. The merged products were validated against in situ observations. The uncertainties established on the basis of comparisons with in situ data were combined with an optical classification of the remote-sensing reflectance data using a fuzzy-logic approach, and were used to generate uncertainties (root mean square difference and bias) for each product at each pixel.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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