Reconciling egg- and antigen-based estimates of Schistosoma mansoni clearance and reinfection: a modelling study
| Autor: | Rachel Francoeur, Joaquin M. Prada, Edridah M. Tukahebwe, Poppy H. L. Lamberton, Adriko Moses, Aidah Wamboko, Jessica Clark, Andrina Nankasi, Diana Ajambo, Christina L. Faust, Alon Atuhaire, Lauren V. Carruthers, Moses Arinaitwe, Fred Besigye |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
medicine.medical_specialty 030231 tropical medicine Physiology Schistosomiasis Sensitivity and Specificity Feces 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine fluids and secretions Antigen Epidemiology parasitic diseases Prevalence Animals Humans Medicine Child 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences biology business.industry Infection prevalence Schistosoma mansoni medicine.disease biology.organism_classification Antigen test Schistosomiasis mansoni Treatment efficacy 3. Good health Infectious Diseases Antigens Helminth Reinfection business Clearance |
| Zdroj: | Clinical Infectious Diseases |
| ISSN: | 1058-4838 |
| Popis: | Background Despite decades of interventions, 240 million people have schistosomiasis. Infections cannot be directly observed, and egg-based Kato-Katz thick smears lack sensitivity, affected treatment efficacy and reinfection rate estimates. The point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (referred to from here as POC-CCA+) test is advocated as an improvement on the Kato-Katz method, but improved estimates are limited by ambiguities in the interpretation of trace results. Method We collected repeated Kato-Katz egg counts from 210 school-aged children and scored POC-CCA tests according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (referred to from here as POC-CCA+) and the externally developed G score. We used hidden Markov models parameterized with Kato-Katz; Kato-Katz and POC-CCA+; and Kato-Katz and G-Scores, inferring latent clearance and reinfection probabilities at four timepoints over six-months through a more formal statistical reconciliation of these diagnostics than previously conducted. Our approach required minimal but robust assumptions regarding trace interpretations. Results Antigen-based models estimated higher infection prevalence across all timepoints compared with the Kato-Katz model, corresponding to lower clearance and higher reinfection estimates. Specifically, pre-treatment prevalence estimates were 85% (Kato-Katz; 95% CI: 79%–92%), 99% (POC-CCA+; 97%–100%) and 98% (G-Score; 95%–100%). Post-treatment, 93% (Kato-Katz; 88%–96%), 72% (POC-CCA+; 64%–79%) and 65% (G-Score; 57%–73%) of those infected were estimated to clear infection. Of those who cleared infection, 35% (Kato-Katz; 27%–42%), 51% (POC-CCA+; 41%–62%) and 44% (G-Score; 33%–55%) were estimated to have been reinfected by 9-weeks. Conclusions Treatment impact was shorter-lived than Kato-Katz–based estimates alone suggested, with lower clearance and rapid reinfection. At 3 weeks after treatment, longer-term clearance dynamics are captured. At 9 weeks after treatment, reinfection was captured, but failed clearance could not be distinguished from rapid reinfection. Therefore, frequent sampling is required to understand these important epidemiological dynamics. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|