Identification of Novel Simulants for Toxic Industrial Chemicals and Chemical Warfare Agents for Human Decontamination Studies: A Systematic Review and Categorisation of Physicochemical Characteristics
Autor: | Thomas James, Samuel Collins, Tim Marczylo |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
CWA
Chemical Warfare Agents Future studies Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Review Mass decontamination mass decontamination biochemistry human volunteer Humans Decontamination TIC Waste management business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Water Systemic absorption Human decontamination Chemical industry simulants Healthy Volunteers Solubility Medicine Environmental science business |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 8681, p 8681 (2021) |
ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph18168681 |
Popis: | Chemical simulants have long been used in human trials of mass decontamination to determine the efficacy of decontamination interventions against more toxic agents. Until now, reliance has mostly been on individual chemicals as surrogates to specific agents (e.g. methyl salicylate for sulphur mustard). A literature review was conducted to identify chemicals that had been previously tested on human volunteers and that represent diverse physicochemical characteristics in order to create a repository for chemical simulants. Of the 171 unique chemicals identified 78 were discounted for the risk they could pose to human volunteers, 39 were deemed suitable for use and a further 54 were considered to be possible simulants but would require further research. Suitable simulants included both solid and liquid chemicals spanning a wide range of physicochemical properties including molecular weight, octanol/ water partition coefficient, vapour pressure and solubility. This review has identified an array of potential simulants suitable for use in human volunteer decontamination studies and is of relevance to future studies on systemic absorption and surface decontamination. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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