Ancient T-independence of mucosal IgX/A: gut microbiota unaffected by larval thymectomy in Xenopus laevis
| Autor: | Anna Goodroe, Michael F. Criscitiello, Jan S. Suchodolski, Ian Tizard, Christina C. Du, Jörg M. Steiner, Natalie Jacobs, Sara Mashoof, Jeannine O. Eubanks |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
T-Lymphocytes
medicine.medical_treatment Immunology T cells Xenopus Immunoglobulins Gut flora digestive system Article Lymphocyte Depletion Microbiology Amphibians Xenopus laevis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system evolution microbiota medicine Animals Immunology and Allergy Immunity Mucosal Bacteroidaceae Phylogeny 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences biology Models Immunological Thymectomy biology.organism_classification Isotype Enterobacteriaceae 3. Good health Gastrointestinal Tract pyrosequencing Immunoglobulin A Secretory biology.protein Metagenome Antibody Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains 030215 immunology |
| Zdroj: | Mucosal immunology |
| ISSN: | 1933-0219 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/mi.2012.78 |
| Popis: | Many studies address the influence of the gut microbiome on the immune system, but few dissect the effect of T cells on gut microbiota and mucosal responses. We have employed larval thymectomy in Xenopus to study the gut microbiota with and without the influence of T lymphocytes. Pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes was used to assess the relative abundance of bacterial groups present in the stomach, small and large intestine. Clostridiaceae was the most abundant family throughout the gut, while Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae also were well represented. Unifrac analysis revealed no differences in microbiota distribution between thymectomized and unoperated frogs. This is consistent with immunization data showing that levels of the mucosal immunoglobulin IgX are not altered significantly by thymectomy. This study in Xenopus represents the oldest organisms that exhibit class switch to a mucosal isotype and is relevant to mammalian immunology, as IgA appears to have evolved from IgX based upon phylogeny, genomic synteny, and function. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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