Targeted interactomics reveals a complex core cell cycle machinery in **Arabidopsis thaliana**

Autor: Geert Persiau, Gert Van Isterdael, Kris Laukens, Aurine Verkest, Hilde Stals, Jens Steinbrenner, Nubia Barbosa Eloy, Steven Maere, Eveline Van De Slijke, Anne Pharazyn, Jelle Van Leene, Pierre Hilson, Erwin Witters, Jean-Denis Faure, Martin Kuiper, Jim Beynon, Jens Hollunder, Lieven De Veylder, Geert De Jaeger, Stefanie De Bodt, Dirk Inzé, Harry Van Onckelen, Yves Van de Peer, Dominique Eeckhout, Sandy Neirynck, Yelle Buffel, Charlotte Renne, John C. Larkin, Christian Meyer, Paulo Cg Ferreira
Přispěvatelé: Department of Plant Systems Biology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp (UA), Center for Proteome Analysis and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biology, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick [Coventry], Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), Department of Plant Systems Biology - Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2010
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
Cell division
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Arabidopsis
protein-protein interactions
Cell Cycle Proteins
interactome
01 natural sciences
protein interactions
Protein Interaction Mapping
Luciferases
0303 health sciences
dependent kinase
Applied Mathematics
Cell cycle
Cell Cycle Gene
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
Cell biology
Computational Theory and Mathematics
cell cycle
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Protein Binding
Information Systems
DNA Replication
plant-systems biology
Mitosis
Biology
Models
Biological
Article
General Biochemistry
Genetics and Molecular Biology
tandem affinity purification
dna-replication
03 medical and health sciences
Cyclin-dependent kinase
Cyclins
expression
protein complex
anaphase-promoting complex
genome-wide analysis
gene ontology
Cell Cycle Protein
030304 developmental biology
General Immunology and Microbiology
Arabidopsis Proteins
arabidopsis thaliana
QK
Computational Biology
Reproducibility of Results
biology.organism_classification
Multiprotein Complexes
biology.protein
identification
Anaphase-promoting complex
010606 plant biology & botany
Zdroj: Molecular systems biology
Molecular Systems Biology
Molecular Systems Biology, EMBO Press, 2010, 6, pp.397. ⟨10.1038/msb.2010.53⟩
ResearcherID
Molecular Systems Biology (6), 397. (2010)
ISSN: 1744-4292
Popis: A protein interactome focused towards cell proliferation was mapped comprising 857 interactions among 393 proteins, leading to many new insights in plant cell cycle regulation. A comprehensive view on heterodimeric cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/cyclin complexes in plants is obtained, in relation with their regulators. Over 100 new candidate cell cycle proteins were predicted.
The basic underlying mechanisms that govern the cell cycle are conserved among all eukaryotes. Peculiar for plants, however, is that their genome contains a collection of cell cycle regulatory genes that is intriguingly large (Vandepoele et al, 2002; Menges et al, 2005) compared to other eukaryotes. Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) encodes 71 genes in five regulatory classes versus only 15 in yeast and 23 in human. Despite the discovery of numerous cell cycle genes, little is known about the protein complex machinery that steers plant cell division. Therefore, we applied tandem affinity purification (TAP) approach coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) on Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures to isolate and analyze protein complexes involved in the cell cycle. This approach allowed us to successfully map a first draft of the basic cell cycle complex machinery of Arabidopsis, providing many new insights into plant cell division. To map the interactome, we relied on a streamlined platform comprising generic Gateway-based vectors with high cloning flexibility, the fast generation of transgenic suspension cultures, TAP adapted for plant cells, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) tandem-MS for the identification of purified proteins (Van Leene et al, 2007, 2008Van Leene et al, 2007, 2008). Complexes for 102 cell cycle proteins were analyzed using this approach, leading to a non-redundant data set of 857 interactions among 393 proteins (Figure 1A). Two subspaces were identified in this data set, domain I1, containing interactions confirmed in at least two independent experimental repeats or in the reciprocal purification experiment, and domain I2 consisting of uniquely observed interactions. Several observations underlined the quality of both domains. All tested reverse purifications found the original interaction, and 150 known or predicted interactions were confirmed, meaning that also a huge stack of new interactions was revealed. An in-depth computational analysis revealed enrichment for many cell cycle-related features among the proteins of the network (Figure 1B), and many protein pairs were coregulated at the transcriptional level (Figure 1C). Through integration of known cell cycle-related features, more than 100 new candidate cell cycle proteins were predicted (Figure 1D). Besides common qualities of both interactome domains, their real significance appeared through mutual differences exposing two subspaces in the cell cycle interactome: a central regulatory network of stable complexes that are repeatedly isolated and represent core regulatory units, and a peripheral network comprising transient interactions identified less frequently, which are involved in other aspects of the process, such as crosstalk between core complexes or connections with other pathways. To evaluate the biological relevance of the cell cycle interactome in plants, we validated interactions from both domains by a transient split-luciferase assay in Arabidopsis plants (Marion et al, 2008), further sustaining the hypothesis-generating power of the data set to understand plant growth. With respect to insights into the cell cycle physiology, the interactome was subdivided according to the functional classes of the baits and core protein complexes were extracted, covering cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/cyclin core complexes together with their positive and negative regulation networks, DNA replication complexes, the anaphase-promoting complex, and spindle checkpoint complexes. The data imply that mitotic A- and B-type cyclins exclusively form heterodimeric complexes with the plant-specific B-type CDKs and not with CDKA;1, whereas D-type cyclins seem to associate with CDKA;1. Besides the extraction of complexes previously shown in other organisms, our data also suggested many new functional links; for example, the link coupling cell division with the regulation of transcript splicing. The association of negative regulators of CDK/cyclin complexes with transcription factors suggests that their role in reallocation is not solely targeted to CDK/cyclin complexes. New members of the Siamese-related inhibitory proteins were identified, and for the first time potential inhibitors of plant-specific mitotic B-type CDKs have been found in plants. New evidence that the E2F–DP–RBR network is not only active at G1-to-S, but also at the G2-to-M transition is provided and many complexes involved in DNA replication or repair were isolated. For the first time, a plant APC has been isolated biochemically, identifying three potential new plant-specific APC interactors, and finally, complexes involved in the spindle checkpoint were isolated mapping many new but specific interactions. Finally, to get a general view on the complex machinery, modules of interacting cyclins and core cell cycle regulators were ranked along the cell cycle phases according to the transcript expression peak of the cyclins, showing an assorted set of CDK–cyclin complexes with high regulatory differentiation (Figure 4). Even within the same subfamily (e.g. cyclin A3, B1, B2, D3, and D4), cyclins differ not only in their functional time frame but also in the type and number of CDKs, inhibitors, and scaffolding proteins they bind, further indicating their functional diversification. According to our interaction data, at least 92 different variants of CDK–cyclin complexes are found in Arabidopsis. In conclusion, these results reflect how several rounds of gene duplication (Sterck et al, 2007) led to the evolution of a large set of cyclin paralogs and a myriad of regulators, resulting in a significant jump in the complexity of the cell cycle machinery that could accommodate unique plant-specific features such as an indeterminate mode of postembryonic development. Through their extensive regulation and connection with a myriad of up- and downstream pathways, the core cell cycle complexes might offer the plant a flexible toolkit to fine-tune cell proliferation in response to an ever-changing environment.
Cell proliferation is the main driving force for plant growth. Although genome sequence analysis revealed a high number of cell cycle genes in plants, little is known about the molecular complexes steering cell division. In a targeted proteomics approach, we mapped the core complex machinery at the heart of the Arabidopsis thaliana cell cycle control. Besides a central regulatory network of core complexes, we distinguished a peripheral network that links the core machinery to up- and downstream pathways. Over 100 new candidate cell cycle proteins were predicted and an in-depth biological interpretation demonstrated the hypothesis-generating power of the interaction data. The data set provided a comprehensive view on heterodimeric cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)–cyclin complexes in plants. For the first time, inhibitory proteins of plant-specific B-type CDKs were discovered and the anaphase-promoting complex was characterized and extended. Important conclusions were that mitotic A- and B-type cyclins form complexes with the plant-specific B-type CDKs and not with CDKA;1, and that D-type cyclins and S-phase-specific A-type cyclins seem to be associated exclusively with CDKA;1. Furthermore, we could show that plants have evolved a combinatorial toolkit consisting of at least 92 different CDK–cyclin complex variants, which strongly underscores the functional diversification among the large family of cyclins and reflects the pivotal role of cell cycle regulation in the developmental plasticity of plants.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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