Glutamine has antidepressive effects through increments of glutamate and glutamine levels and glutamatergic activity in the medial prefrontal cortex
| Autor: | Sneha B. Sontakke, Dong Kun Lee, Sang Soo Kang, Wan Sung Choi, Gu Seob Roh, Doo-hyuk Jung, Bok Soon Go, Hye Jin Chung, Gyeong Jae Cho, Dong Hoon Lee, Ji Hyeong Baek, Hyeonwi Son, Hyun Joon Kim |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Restraint Physical 0301 basic medicine medicine.medical_specialty Glutamine Glutamic Acid Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate-glutamine cycle Mice Transgenic Neurotransmission Synaptic Transmission Membrane Potentials Tissue Culture Techniques 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Glutamatergic 0302 clinical medicine Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase Internal medicine medicine Animals Chronic stress Neurons Pharmacology Depressive Disorder Chemistry Glutamate receptor Mice Inbred C57BL Optogenetics 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology Astrocytes Dietary Supplements Excitatory postsynaptic potential Hypoactivity Stress Psychological 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Neuropharmacology. 143:143-152 |
| ISSN: | 0028-3908 |
| Popis: | Emerging evidence has shown the low levels of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) and the hypoactivity in the cortex of patients with depression. The hypoactivity is closely related with low frequency of glutamatergic signaling that is affected by the levels of Glu and Gln. Thus, we hypothesized that there might be a causality among low levels of Glu and Gln, hypoactive glutamatergic neurotransmissions, and depressive behaviors. Here, we found low Glu and Gln levels and low frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) of glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of chronic immobilization stress (CIS)-induced depressed mice. The depressed mice also showed hypoactive Gln synthetase (GS). Inhibition of GS by methionine sulfoximine (MSO) decreased Glu and Gln levels and increased depressive behaviors with low frequency of sEPSC in the mPFC, indicating that Glu and Gln decrements cause hypoactive glutamatergic neurotransmissions and depressive behaviors. Both Glu and Gln could increase sEPSC of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC on slice patch, but only Gln overcame MSO to increase sEPSC, suggesting that exogenous Gln would recover CIS-induced low frequency of sEPSC caused by hypoactive GS and act as an antidepressant. Expectedly, Gln supplementation showed antidepressant effects against CIS; it increased glutamatergic neurotransmissions with Glu and Gln increment in the mPFC and attenuated depressive behaviors. Moreover, selective glutamatergic activation in the mPFC by optogenetics decreased depressive behavior. In conclusion, depressive behaviors evoked by chronic stress were due to hypoactive glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC caused by low levels of Glu and Gln, and exogenous Gln can be used as an alternative antidepressant to increase glutamatergic neurotransmission. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect