The Diverse Transformer (Trf) Protein Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Acts through a Collaboration between Cellular and Humoral Immune Effector Arms
| Autor: | Or Ioscovich, Iryna Yakovenko, Benyamin Rosental, Matan Oren, Asaf Donnyo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
invertebrate immunity Protein family QH301-705.5 Paracentrotus lividus Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system biology.animal Biology (General) Physical and Theoretical Chemistry QD1-999 model organism Molecular Biology Coelomocyte Sea urchin Spectroscopy Transformer Innate immune system biology Organic Chemistry phagocytosis General Medicine biology.organism_classification Acquired immune system Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Computer Science Applications Cell biology Chemistry 030104 developmental biology embryonic structures 185/333 Trf 030215 immunology |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume 22 Issue 13 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 6639, p 6639 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms22136639 |
| Popis: | Sea urchins are long-living marine invertebrates with a complex innate immune system, which includes expanded families of immune receptors. A central immune gene family in sea urchins encodes the Transformer (Trf) proteins. The Trf family has been studied mainly in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Here, we explore this protein family in the Mediterranean Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The PlTrf genes and predicted proteins are highly diverse and show a typical Trf size range and structure. Coelomocytes and cell-free coelomic fluid from P. lividus contain different PlTrf protein repertoires with a shared subset, that bind specifically to E. coli. Using FACS, we identified five different P. lividus coelomocyte sub-populations with cell surface PlTrf protein expression. The relative abundance of the PlTrf-positive cells increases sharply following immune challenge with E. coli, but not following challenge with LPS or the sea urchin pathogen, Vibrio penaeicida. Phagocytosis of E. coli by P. lividus phagocytes is mediated through the cell-free coelomic fluid and is inhibited by blocking PlTrf activity with anti-SpTrf antibodies. Together, our results suggest a collaboration between cellular and humoral PlTrf-mediated effector arms in the P. lividus specific immune response to pathogens. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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