Reduced structural brain asymmetry during neonatal life is potentially related to autism spectrum disorders in children born extremely preterm
| Autor: | Eva Eklöf, Ulrika Ådén, Nelly Padilla, Gustaf Mårtensson |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Autism Spectrum Disorder Inferior frontal gyrus Audiology behavioral disciplines and activities 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Quality of life Risk Factors mental disorders medicine Brain asymmetry Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Risk factor Association (psychology) Genetics (clinical) business.industry General Neuroscience 05 social sciences Infant Newborn Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Brain Infant medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Autism spectrum disorder Infant Extremely Premature Quality of Life Autism Female Neurology (clinical) business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery 050104 developmental & child psychology |
| Zdroj: | Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchReferences. 12(9) |
| ISSN: | 1939-3806 |
| Popis: | Disruption of the normal patterns of structural brain asymmetry, and in language-related areas, has been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We tested the hypothesis that 16 children born extremely preterm (EPT), and diagnosed with ASD at 6.5 years of age (EPT-ASD), would have different patterns of brain structural asymmetry, particularly in language-related areas, to 21 EPT children without ASD and 15 term-born children. They all underwent neonatal magnetic resonance imaging scans at 40 weeks of gestation. ASD diagnoses and the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, were performed in the EPT children, but not in the term group. Asymmetry indices (AIs) were assessed at three levels: global (hemispheres), lobar (brain lobes), and modular (primary sensorimotor, unimodal, and higher-order association areas). AIs were also assessed in language-related regions and correlational analyses were performed between these AIs and verbal scores. The EPT-ASD group showed reduced structural asymmetry at the modular level, mainly involving the higher-order association cortices and the language-related areas. Predominant positive correlations between language functioning and leftward AIs in the inferior frontal gyrus (opercular) and supplementary cortices, and rightward asymmetry in the angular and supramarginal gyri, were identified in the EPT-ASD group. The overall results suggest that reduced brain structural asymmetry identified during the neonatal period would be a risk factor for the development of ASD in EPT infants. This finding could identify EPT children at risk at an early stage, so that tailored interventions could be used to optimize their functions and quality of life. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1334-1343. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Babies born before the expected date (preterm) are more likely to develop autism, due to abnormal brain development. Compared with children without autism, preterm children with autism did not display the important physical differences between the two sides of their brain that are needed for normal functioning. As this alteration was found just after birth, this information could be used to identify children who are likely to develop autism, so that they can get medical support at an earlier age. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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