Bacterial meningitis in children in Iceland, 1975-2010: a nationwide epidemiological study

Autor:	Karl G. Kristinsson, Ingi Karl Reynisson, Hjordis Hardardottir, Helga Erlendsdóttir, Kolfinna Snaebjarnardóttir, Ásgeir Haraldsson, Magnus Gottfredsson, Sandra Halldórsdóttir, Thorolfur Gudnason
Rok vydání:	2013
Předmět:	Microbiology (medical) Male Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Iceland Disease medicine.disease_cause Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Bacterial Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology medicine Humans Mortality Child General Immunology and Microbiology Bacteria business.industry Neisseria meningitidis Incidence (epidemiology) Incidence Vaccination Infant Newborn Infant General Medicine medicine.disease Infectious Diseases Streptococcus agalactiae Child Preschool Female business Meningitis
Zdroj:	Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 45(11)
ISSN:	1651-1980
Popis:	Bacterial meningitis is a serious and potentially rapid life-threatening disease. Therefore, to ensure appropriate treatment, early recognition of signs and symptoms is imperative, along with knowledge of the epidemiology and microbiology of the disease.A long-term, nationwide epidemiological study of bacterial causes of meningitis in children (≤ 18 y) in Iceland during the period 1975-2010 was carried out. A detailed chart review was performed of all cases diagnosed in 1995-2010.A total of 477 children were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis during the period 1975-2010. Of these, 67% were aged under 5 y. The most common pathogens were Neisseria meningitidis (n = 265), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 132), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 47), and Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 19); their incidences varied according to age. The age-specific incidence (cases/100,000/y) dropped from 26 in 1975 to 1 in 2010 (p0.001). The most common symptoms during the period 1995-2010 were fever (92%), vomiting (67%), nuchal rigidity (60%), and rashes/petechiae (51%). H. influenzae type b disappeared following implementation of Hib vaccination in 1989, and, likewise, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis fell significantly after vaccination against meningococcus serogroup C was initiated in 2002 (p0.001). The overall 30-day case fatality rate of bacterial meningitis was 4.4% and remained unchanged during the study period.The incidence of childhood bacterial meningitis has been reduced significantly by successful vaccinations against H. influenzae type b and N. meningitidis serogroup C. Nevertheless, the case fatality rate has remained unchanged and thus the disease is still a serious threat to childhood health. Further prevention by novel vaccines and improved management of childhood meningitis is an exciting challenge.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f652e8a482c98ef5563b289eaf12e035 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23968225 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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