Suicidal continuum (ideation, planning, attempting) in an Islamic country; which should be focused on?

Autor: Afsaneh Faridpak, Hoda Khatibi-Moghadam, Lida Jarahi, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan, Mohamad Khajedaluee
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Injury and Violence Research
Journal of Injury and Violence Research, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 47-54 (2021)
ISSN: 2008-4072
2008-2053
Popis: Suicide is a global public health issue. 1 Suicide rates have increased by 60% worldwide in the last 45 years.2 World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that more than 1.5 million individuals will die due to attempting suicide in 2020 which equals 2% of all deaths due to various diseases and injuries.3 However, there is an iceberg phenomenon: suicide at-tempts are up to 20 times more frequent than complet-ed suicides. Many factors affect suicide including psychological, social, biological, cultural and environmental factors.4 However, some of them like personality characteristics, psychopathology, parenting style, family function, and substance abuse have got more attention.5,6 It should be noted that suicide is not even an isolated event, but a continuum of processes starting from suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plan (SP), suicide attempt (SA), to suicide completion.7 SI which is defined as thoughts of self-killing is an important factor not only for tremendous personal distress, psychological burden or mental-health problems but also for the SP, SA and completed suicide. It has been reported that about one-third of those with SI will finally attempt suicide.8 So, it seems that there must be predisposing factors which push forward a person in suicide continuum: not all individuals with SI perform SA. On the other hand, not all individuals with SA had a prior SP or SI. So there may be different risk factors for each of them. To the best of our knowledge, this issue has not been well studied. There is no doubt that suicide has enduring financial, emotional, and social impact on the friends and family of attempters. Therefore, the prevention of suicide is critical. Some studies have reported that a wide range of interventions including healthy decision making, development of life skills and self-esteem enhancement can reduce suicidal behavior.9,10 However, it seems that effective suicide prevention measures will not be effective unless there is a clear understanding of the patterns of SI/SP.11,12 Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the WHO including Iran, are traditionally considered to be characterized by low rates of suicidal behaviors (0-3.1 per 100,000). This could be potentially attributed to the cultural messages and Islamic religious beliefs against suicide.13 However, these official reports can be prone to a considerable underestimation due to the stigma of suicide in public culture. A population-based study from the capital of Iran has reported that 12.7% of participants had a lifelong history of SI, 6.2% had a lifelong history of SP, and 3.3% had a lifelong history of SA.14 We did not find any study which focuses on suicidal behavior in suicide attempters. So, the main aim of this study was to identify the main epidemiological characteristics of SI, SP, and SA in suicide attempters. Besides we tried to study the whole suicidal continuum (i.e. from SI to SA) to see in what proportion of suicide attempts the whole cycle happens. These can help us to have a better picture of suicidal behavior.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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