Aerosol Particle and Black Carbon Emission Factors of Vehicular Fleet in Manila, Philippines
| Autor: | Edgar A. Vallar, Thomas Müller, James B. Simpas, Leizel Madueño, Alfred Wiedensohler, Simonas Kecorius, Mylene G. Cayetano, Wolfram Birmili, Maria Cecilia Galvez |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
emission factor
Atmospheric Science 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Particle number business.industry 010501 environmental sciences Environmental Science (miscellaneous) lcsh:QC851-999 South East Asia black carbon 01 natural sciences Operational Street Pollution Model air quality Aerosol European emission standards ultrafine particles Transport engineering Diesel fuel Work (electrical) Public transport Environmental science lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology business Air quality index 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Atmosphere Volume 10 Issue 10 Atmosphere, Vol 10, Iss 10, p 603 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4433 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/atmos10100603 |
| Popis: | Poor air quality has been identified as one of the main risks to human health, especially in developing regions, where the information on physical chemical properties of air pollutants is lacking. To bridge this gap, we conducted an intensive measurement campaign in Manila, Philippines to determine the emission factors (EFs) of particle number (PN) and equivalent black carbon (BC). The focus was on public utility jeepneys (PUJ), equipped with old technology diesel engines, widely used for public transportation. The EFs were determined by aerosol physical measurements, fleet information, and modeled dilution using the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). The results show that average vehicle EFs of PN and BC in Manila is up to two orders of magnitude higher than European emission standards. Furthermore, a PUJ emits up to seven times more than a light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and contribute to more than 60% of BC emission in Manila. Unfortunately, traffic restrictions for heavy-duty vehicles do not apply to PUJs. The results presented in this work provide a framework to help support targeted traffic interventions to improve urban air quality not only in Manila, but also in other countries with a similar fleet composed of old-technology vehicles. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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