Multi-scale availability of neonicotinoid-treated seed for wildlife in an agricultural landscape during spring planting
| Autor: | Da Chen, Julia Ponder, Pamela L. Coy, Mark D. Jankowski, Charlotte L. Roy |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Insecticides
Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Minnesota Wildlife Growing season 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Guanidines Article Dozen Neonicotinoids Spring (hydrology) Environmental Chemistry Soil Pollutants Waste Management and Disposal Triticum 0105 earth and related environmental sciences geography geography.geographical_feature_category business.industry Neonicotinoid Sowing Agriculture Pesticide Nitro Compounds Pollution Thiazoles Agronomy Seeds Environmental science Soybeans business Thiamethoxam Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Sci Total Environ |
| ISSN: | 1879-1026 |
| Popis: | Neonicotinoid pesticides are applied to seeds and are known to cause lethal and sub-lethal effects in birds and mammals. Neonicotinoid-treated seeds could be available to wildlife through spillage or exposed seeds near or at the soil surface due to incomplete or shallow drilling. We quantified seed spills that may occur during loading or refilling the hopper at a landscape-scale using road-based surveys. We also quantified undrilled seeds in 1-m2 frames on the soil in the center and corner of fields to obtain estimates at the field scale. We broadcast seeds on the soil surface of a tilled field and left them for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 30 days to quantify the decrease of neonicotinoids under field conditions. Lastly, we documented wildlife at neonicotinoid-treated seed spills with trail cameras. We estimated the number of spills during planting to be 3496 (95% CI: 1855–5138) and 2609 (95% CI: 862–4357) for corn, 11,009 (95% CI: 6950–15,067) and 21,105 (95% CI: 6162–36,048) for soybean, and 830 (95% CI: 160–1500) and 791 (95% CI: 0–1781) for wheat in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Exposed seeds were present at the soil surface in 35% of 71 fields. The probability that seeds were present on the soil surface was higher for soybeans (18.8 and 49.4% in the center and corners, respectively) than for corn (1.6 and 2.7%, respectively), and seed densities were also higher (1.04 vs 0.07 seeds/m2, respectively). Neonicotinoids decreased rapidly on seeds on the soil surface but persisted as long as 30 days. Over a dozen species of birds and mammals consumed seeds at simulated spills, with an average time for birds to find spills of 1.3 ± 1.5 days and an average time to consumption of 4.1 ± 3.4 days. Seeds are abundant on the soil surface for wildlife to consume during the spring planting season and should be considered in pesticide risk assessments. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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