Effect of HIV status and retinol on immunogenicity to oral cholera vaccine in adult population living in an endemic area of Lukanga Swamps, Zambia

Autor: Obvious N. Chilyabanyama, Luiza Miyanda Hatyoka, Cleopatra Caroline Chisenga, John Mwaba, Cynthia Mubanga, Roma Chilengi, Peter Ibukun Oluwa Alabi, Samuel Bosomprah, Charlie Chaluma Luchen, Harriet Ng'ombe, Michelo Simuyandi
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
RNA viruses
Bacterial Diseases
Organic chemistry
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Geographical Locations
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Cholera
Medicine and Health Sciences
Vitamin A
Immune Response
Vaccines
Multidisciplinary
Immunogenicity
Vitamins
Viral Load
Physical sciences
Chemistry
Titer
Medical Microbiology
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Cohort
Infectious diseases
Medicine
Pathogens
Viral load
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Adult
Medical conditions
HIV Positivity
Science
Immunology
Zambia
Viremia
Microbiology
Chemical compounds
Virology
Organic compounds
Retroviruses
Infectious disease control
medicine
Humans
Microbial Pathogens
Viral vaccines
business.industry
Lentivirus
Organisms
HIV vaccines
Biology and Life Sciences
HIV
Cholera Vaccines
Tropical Diseases
medicine.disease
Vaccines
Inactivated
Wetlands
Antibody Formation
People and Places
Africa
Cholera vaccine
business
Viral Transmission and Infection
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 12, p e0260552 (2021)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260552
Popis: Background We set out to assess the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and micronutrient deficiency as indicated by serum retinol levels on the immune responses to Oral Cholera Vaccine (Shanchol™) in a cohort of participants in Lukanga Swamps, Zambia. Cholera remains endemic in Zambia with vaccines being the only effective preventive measures. However, the effect of these vaccines on populations living with HIV has not been widely documented. Methods HIV testing and confirmation was done using the Alere Determine™ HIV-1/2 and Uni-Gold™ kits while vibriocidal antibody assay was applied for vaccine immunogenicity. Serum retinol analysis was assessed by Shimadzu Prominence HCT-2010 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The primary outcome was log transformed geometric mean titre. Results From 47 participants screened for HIV, 51% (24) tested positive. There was a statistically significant reduction in Ogawa geometric mean ratio (GMR) by 67% (GMR = 0.33; 95% CI: -0.15, 0.76; p-value = 0.009) attributable to HIV positivity with a non-significant reduction in Inaba GMR by about 50% due to HIV positivity. When doubling of retinol levels modelled, GMR reduction against Ogawa were non-significant but that against Inaba resulted in a significant reduction in geometric mean titer (GMT) (GMT-0.33, C.I 0.16–0.66, p-value 0.002). At 1000copies/ml viral load cut off and 350 cells/μl CD4 counts, Ogawa GMT was two times higher 11.16 (95%CI: 8.20–15.19) versus 6.06 (95%CI: 4.04–9.10) in low viremia participants, and three times higher in above threshold CD4 count participants; 24.81 (95%CI: 18.94–32.50) versus 7.07 (95%CI: 5.22–9.58). Conclusion Our results show that while Shanchol™ is immunogenic in both HIV+/- individuals, HIV + participants responded poorly. Viral load and CD4 count affected vaccine immunogenicity. More research is required for detailed understanding of this in order to appropriately inform policy and practice.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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