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In this paper we use a data set for which a relevant control group is unavaaible to evaluate benefits of X-ray screening for lung cancer. Bias-free analyses are difficult with such data. We compare survivals of screen-detected and clinically diagnosed cases, adjusting for screening biases as part of the survival analysis. Our results, without a control group, are that significant bias-free survival benefits exist for screen-detected cases as compared with those clinically diagnosed. The significant mortality reduction indicated here, even without a control group, suggests that the debate on X-ray screening for early detection of lung cancer of high risk, apparently healthy, individuals is not over yet. |
