Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk from Different Provinces of Ecuador
| Autor: | Mayra Cachiguango, Byron Puga-Torres, Gabriela Cisneros, Carlos Alfredo Gómez-Bravo, David Salazar |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Veterinary medicine
Aflatoxin Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis lcsh:Medicine Food Contamination Aspergillus flavus Biology Toxicology 01 natural sciences Article chemistry.chemical_compound 0404 agricultural biotechnology Dry season Animals media_common.cataloged_instance heterocyclic compounds European union skin and connective tissue diseases Mycotoxin media_common raw milk lcsh:R 010401 analytical chemistry Consumer health technology industry and agriculture food and beverages 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Contamination Raw milk biology.organism_classification 040401 food science LFIA 0104 chemical sciences Milk chemistry Aflatoxin M1 Ecuador Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 498, p 498 (2020) Toxins Volume 12 Issue 8 |
| ISSN: | 2072-6651 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/toxins12080498 |
| Popis: | Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a mycotoxin from Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, classified as carcinogenic and hepatotoxic. The objective of the present investigation was to determine its presence in raw milk from north-central Ecuador, constituted by the provinces of Pichincha, Manabí and Santo Domingo de los Tsá chilas. These areas represent approximately 30% of Ecuadorian milk production. By the end of the investigation, a total of 209 raw milk samples were collected, obtained both during the dry (June and August) and rainy seasons (April and November) of 2019. AFM1 concentrations were measured with lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and 100% of the samples were positive for this mycotoxin, presenting a mean value of 0.0774 &mu g/kg with a range of 0.023 to 0.751 &mu g/kg. These AFM1 levels exceeded the European Union regulatory limit of 0.05 &mu g/kg in 59.3% (124/209) of samples, while only 1.9% (4/209) exceeded the Ecuadorian legal limit of 0.5 &mu g/kg. By using non-parametric tests, significant differences were determined (p &le 0.05) between the provinces for months of study, climatic season (being higher in the dry season), and climatic region (greater in the coast region). On the other hand, there were no significant differences (p &ge 0.05) between the types of producers or between production systems. Therefore, AFM1 contamination in raw milk does not present a serious public health problem in Ecuador, but a monitoring and surveillance program for this mycotoxin in milk should be developed to prevent consumer health problems. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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