Testicular Tumors: What Radiologists Need to Know—Differential Diagnosis, Staging, and Management
| Autor: | Pardeep Mittal, William C. Small, Courtney C. Moreno, Matthew S. Hartman, Juan C. Camacho, Nima Kokabi, Viraj A. Master, Melinda M. Lewis |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Diagnostic Imaging Male endocrine system medicine.medical_specialty endocrine system diseases urologic and male genital diseases Diagnosis Differential Young Adult Testicular Neoplasms Risk Factors Epidemiology Humans Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Young adult Testicular cancer Aged Neoplasm Staging urogenital system business.industry Middle Aged medicine.disease Neoplasm staging Radiology Differential diagnosis business |
| Zdroj: | RadioGraphics. 35:400-415 |
| ISSN: | 1527-1323 0271-5333 |
| DOI: | 10.1148/rg.352140097 |
| Popis: | Cryptorchidism, family history, and infertility are risk factors for testicular cancer. Most testicular cancers occur in young men aged 18-35 years, and seminoma is the most common cell type. Testicular tumors are usually diagnosed at ultrasonography (US) and are staged at computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. At US, testicular tumors usually appear as a solid intratesticular mass. Because the differential diagnosis includes infarct and infection, correlation with patient history and symptoms is important. At staging CT or MR imaging, retroperitoneal lymph nodes are considered regional lymph nodes, and the greatest nodal diameter is used to distinguish among N1-N3 disease. The right testicular vein drains into the inferior vena cava, and the left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein. Because of venous and lymphatic drainage pathways, retroperitoneal lymph nodes are the initial landing station for testicular cancers. Enlarged lymph nodes in the supraclavicular region, chest, and pelvis are considered distant metastases. Testicular cancer is initially treated with orchiectomy. The patient may then undergo active surveillance, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or retroperitoneal lymph node resection, depending primarily on the clinical stage. Radiologists play an important role in initial diagnosis, staging, and imaging surveillance of testicular malignancies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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