Smoking may increase the risk of influenza hospitalization and reduce influenza vaccine effectiveness in the elderly
| Autor: | Núria Soldevila, José María Mayoral, Pere Godoy, María Morales-Suárez-Varela, Jesús Castilla, Ciberesp Cases, Mikel Egurrola, Diana Toledo, Jenaro Astray, Angela Domínguez, Vicente Martín |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty Influenza vaccine Comorbidity 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Risk Factors Internal medicine Epidemiology Influenza Human Medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Risk factor Geriatric Assessment Aged Aged 80 and over business.industry Smoking Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Case-control study Odds ratio medicine.disease Vaccination Hospitalization Increased risk Treatment Outcome 030228 respiratory system Influenza Vaccines Spain Case-Control Studies Female Medical emergency business |
| Zdroj: | European journal of public health. 28(1) |
| ISSN: | 1464-360X |
| Popis: | Background Through its effects on the immune system, smoking may facilitate influenza virus infection, its severity and its most frequent complications. The objective was to investigate the smoking history as a risk factor for influenza hospitalization and influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly smokers/ex-smokers and non-smokers. Methods We carried out a multicenter case-control study in the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 influenza seasons. Cases aged ≥65 years and age-, sex-matched controls were selected from 20 Spanish hospitals. We collected epidemiological variables, comorbidities, vaccination history and the smoking history. The risk of hospitalization due to smoking (current smokers and ex-smokers) was determined using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with conditional logistic regression models. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated using the formula: VE = (1 - aOR) × 100. Results We studied 728 cases and 1826 controls. Cases had a higher frequency of smoking (47.4% vs 42.1%). Smoking was associated with an increased risk of influenza hospitalization (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.04-1.68). Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalization was 21% (95% CI: -2 to 39) in current/ex-smokers and 39% in non-smokers (95% CI: 22-52). Conclusions A history of smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization in smokers and ex-smokers. Preventing smoking could reduce hospitalizations due to influenza. Smokers and ex-smokers should be informed of the risk of hospitalization due to influenza infection, and encouraged to stop smoking. Smokers should be considered an at-risk group to be aggressively targeted for routine influenza vaccination. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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