Is water carriage associated with the water carrier's health? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Autor: | Jonathan Harold Geere, Paul R. Hunter, Moa Cortobius, Jo-Anne Geere, Charlotte Christiane Hammer |
---|---|
Přispěvatelé: | Hammer, Charlotte [0000-0002-8288-0288], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository |
Rok vydání: | 2022 |
Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Impact evaluation Citation index MEDLINE 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences maternal health 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine systematic review Environmental health medicine 030212 general & internal medicine 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Research Health Policy Public health public health Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Mental health Social Sciences Citation Index Carriage child health other infection disease disorder or injury Rural area Psychology |
Zdroj: | BMJ Global Health |
DOI: | 10.17863/cam.91602 |
Popis: | IntroductionThe work of carrying water falls mainly on women and children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and rural areas. While concerns have been raised, how water carriage is associated with health of the water carrier is not clear. The aim of this review is to summarise evidence on whether, and how, water carriage is associated with the water carrier’s health.MethodsA systematic review of literature was conducted, searching Embase; Medline; Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index; Web of Science Arts and Humanities Citation Index; International Initiative for Impact Evaluation website; WHO Virtual Health Sciences Library and WHO African index medicus, from inception to 8 November 2017.ResultsForty-two studies were included. Their ability to demonstrate cause and effect relationships was limited by study design and fair or poor methodological quality. Overall, the studies suggest that water carriage is associated with negative aspects of the water carriers’ health. There is moderate quantitative and strong qualitative evidence that water carriage is associated with pain, fatigue, perinatal health problems and violence against vulnerable people, and inconclusive evidence of an association with stress or self-reported mental health and general health status.ConclusionIn many circumstances, water carriage is a potential barrier to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 target ‘universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all’ and SDG 3 ‘ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages’. Efforts should focus on providing water on premises, and where this is not possible, providing water close to home and reducing risk of gender-based violence. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |