Environmental implications and socioeconomic characterisation of Indian diets
| Autor: | Tushar Ramchandra Athare, Juergen P. Kropp, Prajal Pradhan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Land footprint India 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Consumer unit Food group Toxicology Greenhouse Gases ddc:550 medicine Environmental Chemistry Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry Agriculture Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie medicine.disease Pollution Diet Malnutrition Geography Socioeconomic Factors Food systems Consumer Expenditure Survey business Water use |
| Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. 737:139881 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139881 |
| Popis: | India is facing a double burden of malnourishment with co-existences of under- and over-nourishment. Various socioeconomic factors play an essential role in determining dietary choices. Agriculture is one of the major emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in India, contributing 18% of total emissions. It also consumes freshwater and uses land significantly. We identify eleven Indian diets by applying k-means cluster analysis on latest data from the Indian household consumer expenditure survey. The diets vary in calorie intake [2289-3218 kcal/Consumer Unit (CU)/day] and dietary composition. Estimated embodied GHG emissions in the diets range from 1.36 to 3.62 kg CO2eq./CU/day, land footprint from 4 to 5.45 m(2)/CU/day, whereas water footprint varies from 2.13 to 2.97m(3)/CU/day. Indian diets deviate from a healthy reference diet either with too much or too little consumption of certain food groups. Overall, cereals, sugar, and dairy products intake are higher. In contrast, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, pulses, and nuts is lower than recommended. Our study contributes to deriving required polices for the sustainable transformation of food systems in India to eliminate malnourishment and to reduce the environmental implications of the food systems. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect