Carcinogenic compounds in alcoholic beverages: an update
Autor: | Thomas Kuballa, Thomas Hausler, Svenja M. Ackermann, Jürgen Rehm, Tabea Pflaum, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Claudia Baumung |
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Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Ochratoxin A Aflatoxin Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Acetaldehyde Toxicology Risk Assessment 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Neoplasms Humans Food science Carcinogen Ethanol Alcoholic Beverages General Medicine 030104 developmental biology Lead Safrole chemistry 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Acrylamide Carcinogens Ethyl carbamate |
Zdroj: | Archives of Toxicology. 90:2349-2367 |
ISSN: | 1432-0738 0340-5761 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00204-016-1770-3 |
Popis: | The consumption of alcoholic beverages has been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) since 1988. More recently, in 2010, ethanol as the major constituent of alcoholic beverages and its metabolite acetaldehyde were also classified as carcinogenic to humans. Alcoholic beverages as multi-component mixtures may additionally contain further known or suspected human carcinogens as constituent or contaminant. This review will discuss the occurrence and toxicology of eighteen carcinogenic compounds (acetaldehyde, acrylamide, aflatoxins, arsenic, benzene, cadmium, ethanol, ethyl carbamate, formaldehyde, furan, glyphosate, lead, 3-MCPD, 4-methylimidazole, N-nitrosodimethylamine, pulegone, ochratoxin A, safrole) occurring in alcoholic beverages as identified based on monograph reviews by the IARC. For most of the compounds of alcoholic beverages, quantitative risk assessment provided evidence for only a very low risk (such as margins of exposure above 10,000). The highest risk was found for ethanol, which may reach exposures in ranges known to increase the cancer risk even at moderate drinking (margin of exposure around 1). Other constituents that could pose a risk to the drinker were inorganic lead, arsenic, acetaldehyde, cadmium and ethyl carbamate, for most of which mitigation by good manufacturing practices is possible. Nevertheless, due to the major effect of ethanol, the cancer burden due to alcohol consumption can only be reduced by reducing alcohol consumption in general or by lowering the alcoholic strength of beverages. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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