Biotechnological Approaches: Gene Overexpression, Gene Silencing, and Genome Editing to Control Fungal and Oomycete Diseases in Grapevine
| Autor: | Cecilia Limera, Silvia Sabbadini, Elena Baraldi, Luca Capriotti, Bruno Mezzetti |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Capriotti L., Baraldi E., Mezzetti B., Limera C., Sabbadini S. |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Computational biology Review plant biotechnology 01 natural sciences Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry lcsh:Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences RNA interference Genome editing Gene Expression Regulation Plant Plant defense against herbivory genome editing Vitis Gene Silencing Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology Gene lcsh:QH301-705.5 Spectroscopy Disease Resistance Plant Diseases Oomycete Gene Editing Vitis vinifera biology Virulence Effector Organic Chemistry Fungi food and beverages General Medicine biology.organism_classification biotic stresses Computer Science Applications 030104 developmental biology lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 Oomycetes Biotic stresse Host-Pathogen Interactions Downy mildew Powdery mildew 010606 plant biology & botany Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 5701, p 5701 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Downy mildew, powdery mildew, and grey mold are some of the phytopathological diseases causing economic losses in agricultural crops, including grapevine, worldwide. In the current scenario of increasing global warming, in which the massive use of agrochemicals should be limited, the management of fungal disease has become a challenge. The knowledge acquired on candidate resistant (R) genes having an active role in plant defense mechanisms has allowed numerous breeding programs to integrate these traits into selected cultivars, even though with some limits in the conservation of the proper qualitative characteristics of the original clones. Given their gene-specific mode of action, biotechnological techniques come to the aid of breeders, allowing them to generate simple and fast modifications in the host, without introducing other undesired genes. The availability of efficient gene transfer procedures in grapevine genotypes provide valid tools that support the application of new breeding techniques (NBTs). The expertise built up over the years has allowed the optimization of these techniques to overexpress genes that directly or indirectly limit fungal and oomycetes pathogens growth or silence plant susceptibility genes. Furthermore, the downregulation of pathogen genes which act as virulence effectors by exploiting the RNA interference mechanism, represents another biotechnological tool that increases plant defense. In this review, we summarize the most recent biotechnological strategies optimized and applied on Vitis species, aimed at reducing their susceptibility to the most harmful fungal and oomycetes diseases. The best strategy for combating pathogenic organisms is to exploit a holistic approach that fully integrates all these available tools. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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