Impact of preweaning stress on long-term neurobehavioral outcomes in Sprague-Dawley rats: Differential effects of barren cage rearing, pup isolation, and the combination
Autor: | Michael T. Williams, Charles V. Vorhees, Jenna L.N. Sprowles |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Male
Litter (animal) Morris water navigation task Growth Water maze Environment Motor Activity 010501 environmental sciences Biology Toxicology 01 natural sciences Article Methamphetamine Rats Sprague-Dawley 03 medical and health sciences Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine Animal science Developmental Neuroscience Anxiety Separation Lactation medicine Animals Maze Learning Swimming 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Behavior Animal Maternal Deprivation Fear Differential effects Rats medicine.anatomical_structure Animals Newborn Social Isolation Central Nervous System Stimulants Female Cage Diazepam Stress Psychological 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Neurotoxicol Teratol |
ISSN: | 0892-0362 |
Popis: | Two developmental stressors were compared in preweaning rats exposed to either one stressor or both. Stressors were barren cage rearing or maternal separation (pup isolation). 40 gravid Sprague-Dawley CD/IGS rats were randomly assigned to two cage conditions: standard (Std) cage or barren cage (Bar), 20 litters/condition throughout gestation and lactation. After delivery, litters were randomly culled to 4 males and 4 females. The second stressor was maternal separation: Two male/female pairs per litter were isolated from their dam 4 h/day (Iso) and two pairs were not (Norm). Hence, there were 4 conditions: Std-Norm, Std-Iso, Bar-Norm, and Bar-Iso. One pair/litter/stress condition received the following: elevated zero-maze (EZM), open-field, swim channel, Cincinnati water maze, conditioned fear, and open-field with methamphetamine challenge. The second pair/litter/condition received the light-dark test, swim channel, Morris water maze, forced swim, and EZM with diazepam challenge. Barren rearing reduced EZM time-in-open, whereas isolation rearing reduced open-field activity in males and increased it in females. Effects on straight channel swimming were minor. In the Cincinnati water maze test of egocentric learning, isolation rearing increased errors whereas barren cage housing reduced errors in combination with normal rearing. Barren cage with maternal separation (pup isolation) increased Cincinnati water maze escape latency but not errors. Barren cage housing reduced hyperactivity in response to methamphetamine. Isolation rearing increased time in open in the EZM after diazepam challenge. Trends were seen in the Morris water maze. These suggested that barren cage and isolation rearing in combination reduced latency on acquisition on days 1 and 2 in males, whereas females had increased latency on days 2 and 3. Combined exposure to two developmental stressors did not induce additive or synergistic effects, however the data show that these stressors had long-term effects with some evidence that the combination of both caused effects when either stressor alone did not, but synergism was not observed. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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