Takeoff diversity in Diptera
| Autor: | Alexa J Smith, Jessica L. Fox, Alexandra M. Yarger, Katherine A Jordan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Order Diptera
media_common.quotation_subject Insect Walking General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Animals Wings Animal Behaviour Takeoff Calyptratae 030304 developmental biology General Environmental Science media_common 0303 health sciences General Immunology and Microbiology biology Diptera General Medicine biology.organism_classification Drosophila melanogaster Evolutionary biology Flight Animal Halteres Leg extension General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Mechanoreceptors 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Proc Biol Sci |
| ISSN: | 1471-2954 |
| Popis: | The order Diptera (true flies) are named for their two wings because their hindwings have evolved into specialized mechanosensory organs called halteres. Flies use halteres to detect body rotations and maintain stability during flight and other behaviours. The most recently diverged dipteran monophyletic subsection, the Calyptratae, is highly successful, accounting for approximately 12% of dipteran diversity, and includes common families like house flies. These flies move their halteres independently from their wings and oscillate their halteres during walking. Here, we demonstrate that this subsection of flies uses their halteres to stabilize their bodies during takeoff, whereas non-Calyptratae flies do not. We find that flies of the Calyptratae are able to take off more rapidly than non-Calyptratae flies without sacrificing stability. Haltere removal decreased both velocity and stability in the takeoffs of Calyptratae, but not other flies. The loss of takeoff velocity following haltere removal in Calyptratae (but not other flies) is a direct result of a decrease in leg extension speed. A closely related non-Calyptratae species (D. melanogaster) also has a rapid takeoff, but takeoff duration and stability are unaffected by haltere removal. Haltere use thus allows for greater speed and stability during fast escapes, but only in the Calyptratae clade. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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