Cumulative multiple early life hits- a potent threat leading to neurological disorders
| Autor: | Tiyasha Sarkar, Nisha Patro, Ishan K. Patro |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cellular homeostasis Disease 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Adverse Childhood Experiences Pregnancy Risk Factors medicine Animals Humans Autistic Disorder Neurons Mechanism (biology) business.industry Maternal Deprivation Mental Disorders General Neuroscience Stressor Neurotoxicity Parkinson Disease medicine.disease Oxidative Stress 030104 developmental biology Ageing Schizophrenia Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Autism Female Nervous System Diseases business Neuroglia Neuroscience Stress Psychological 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Brain Research Bulletin. 147:58-68 |
| ISSN: | 0361-9230 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.005 |
| Popis: | Early life Stress is a worldwide concern linked with development of later life neurological disorders. Early developmental age is sensitive to many prominent environmental insults like malnourishment, immune inflammation, abuse, maternal separation, alcohol and drugs. Hence, an individual during an early age encounters more than one simultaneous stressor that leads to impairment of cognitive and behavioral abilities, a symptom common to most of the neurological disorders. Stressors like malnourishment and immune inflammation are common and encountered by a huge number of populations, contributing enormously to a damaged CNS and in most of the cases they act synergistically in dependency to each other, giving rise to the concept of multi-hit. Multi perinatal hit acts by mimicking the mechanism of ageing in CNS and increasing the risk for later life neurological disorders. Multi stress exposure is also responsible for disrupting the cellular homeostasis of the brain by inducing glial activation, neurotoxicity and oxidative stress, which is the major reason of cell death and circuitry damage in brain. Multi perinatal hit thus increases the risk of neurological disorders by many folds through interfering with ongoing developmental cascades and eventually modulating the fate of cellular components in brain. Thus, a stress induced architecturally and chemically altered CNS is vulnerable and prone to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's, Schizophrenia, ALS, Autism and Parkinson's disease. This review compiles the information available regarding the effects of early life stressors on different components of brain, primarily focusing on the connection between perinatally encountered multi hit and development of later life neurological disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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