Novel microbiological and spatial statistical methods to improve strength of epidemiological evidence in a community-wide waterborne outbreak
Autor: | Jorge W. Santo Domingo, Martti Parnanen, Hanna Rintala, Aino Kyyhkynen, Raisa Loginov, Marja Palander, Katri Jalava, Sirpa Hakkarainen, Ilkka T. Miettinen, Ari Kauppinen, Hodon Ryu, Vicente Gomez-Alvarez, Sallamaari Siponen, Jukka Ollgren, Pia Räsänen, Jenni Antikainen, Marja-Liisa Hänninen, Leena Maunula, Tarja Pitkänen, Juhani Merentie, Outi Nyholm, Joana Revez, Anja Siitonen, Markku Kuusi |
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Přispěvatelé: | Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Clinicum, Food and Environmental Virology Research Group |
Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2014 |
Předmět: |
Male
DRINKING-WATER medicine.disease_cause 413 Veterinary science CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI Disease Outbreaks Feces Water Quality Medicine and Health Sciences Public and Occupational Health ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS REAL-TIME PCR Child Finland Phylogeny Aged 80 and over Multidisciplinary biology Middle Aged SOUTH-AFRICA 6. Clean water Gastroenteritis 3. Good health Child Preschool Physical Sciences Medicine Female Seasons Water Microbiology Statistics (Mathematics) Research Article Adult Adolescent POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION Science Molecular Sequence Data education Virulence Microbiology Campylobacter jejuni Young Adult Tap water WASTE-WATER Escherichia coli medicine FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS Humans Aged Retrospective Studies Spatial Analysis Bacteria Drinking Water Water Pollution Infant Biology and Life Sciences Outbreak Sapovirus biology.organism_classification Bacterial Load 416 Food Science HUMAN SAPOVIRUSES Enterovirus Water quality 3111 Biomedicine DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM Mathematics |
Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e104713 (2014) PLoS ONE |
ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
Popis: | Failures in the drinking water distribution system cause gastrointestinal outbreaks with multiple pathogens. A water distribution pipe breakage caused a community-wide waterborne outbreak in Vuorela, Finland, July 2012. We investigated this outbreak with advanced epidemiological and microbiological methods. A total of 473/2931 inhabitants (16%) responded to a web-based questionnaire. Water and patient samples were subjected to analysis of multiple microbial targets, molecular typing and microbial community analysis. Spatial analysis on the water distribution network was done and we applied a spatial logistic regression model. The course of the illness was mild. Drinking untreated tap water from the defined outbreak area was significantly associated with illness (RR 5.6, 95% CI 1.9–16.4) increasing in a dose response manner. The closer a person lived to the water distribution breakage point, the higher the risk of becoming ill. Sapovirus, enterovirus, single Campylobacter jejuni and EHEC O157:H7 findings as well as virulence genes for EPEC, EAEC and EHEC pathogroups were detected by molecular or culture methods from the faecal samples of the patients. EPEC, EAEC and EHEC virulence genes and faecal indicator bacteria were also detected in water samples. Microbial community sequencing of contaminated tap water revealed abundance of Arcobacter species. The polyphasic approach improved the understanding of the source of the infections, and aided to define the extent and magnitude of this outbreak. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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