Novel microbiological and spatial statistical methods to improve strength of epidemiological evidence in a community-wide waterborne outbreak

Autor: Jorge W. Santo Domingo, Martti Parnanen, Hanna Rintala, Aino Kyyhkynen, Raisa Loginov, Marja Palander, Katri Jalava, Sirpa Hakkarainen, Ilkka T. Miettinen, Ari Kauppinen, Hodon Ryu, Vicente Gomez-Alvarez, Sallamaari Siponen, Jukka Ollgren, Pia Räsänen, Jenni Antikainen, Marja-Liisa Hänninen, Leena Maunula, Tarja Pitkänen, Juhani Merentie, Outi Nyholm, Joana Revez, Anja Siitonen, Markku Kuusi
Přispěvatelé: Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Clinicum, Food and Environmental Virology Research Group
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2014
Předmět:
Male
DRINKING-WATER
medicine.disease_cause
413 Veterinary science
CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI
Disease Outbreaks
Feces
Water Quality
Medicine and Health Sciences
Public and Occupational Health
ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS
REAL-TIME PCR
Child
Finland
Phylogeny
Aged
80 and over
Multidisciplinary
biology
Middle Aged
SOUTH-AFRICA
6. Clean water
Gastroenteritis
3. Good health
Child
Preschool
Physical Sciences
Medicine
Female
Seasons
Water Microbiology
Statistics (Mathematics)
Research Article
Adult
Adolescent
POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION
Science
Molecular Sequence Data
education
Virulence
Microbiology
Campylobacter jejuni
Young Adult
Tap water
WASTE-WATER
Escherichia coli
medicine
FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS
Humans
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Spatial Analysis
Bacteria
Drinking Water
Water Pollution
Infant
Biology and Life Sciences
Outbreak
Sapovirus
biology.organism_classification
Bacterial Load
416 Food Science
HUMAN SAPOVIRUSES
Enterovirus
Water quality
3111 Biomedicine
DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM
Mathematics
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e104713 (2014)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Failures in the drinking water distribution system cause gastrointestinal outbreaks with multiple pathogens. A water distribution pipe breakage caused a community-wide waterborne outbreak in Vuorela, Finland, July 2012. We investigated this outbreak with advanced epidemiological and microbiological methods. A total of 473/2931 inhabitants (16%) responded to a web-based questionnaire. Water and patient samples were subjected to analysis of multiple microbial targets, molecular typing and microbial community analysis. Spatial analysis on the water distribution network was done and we applied a spatial logistic regression model. The course of the illness was mild. Drinking untreated tap water from the defined outbreak area was significantly associated with illness (RR 5.6, 95% CI 1.9–16.4) increasing in a dose response manner. The closer a person lived to the water distribution breakage point, the higher the risk of becoming ill. Sapovirus, enterovirus, single Campylobacter jejuni and EHEC O157:H7 findings as well as virulence genes for EPEC, EAEC and EHEC pathogroups were detected by molecular or culture methods from the faecal samples of the patients. EPEC, EAEC and EHEC virulence genes and faecal indicator bacteria were also detected in water samples. Microbial community sequencing of contaminated tap water revealed abundance of Arcobacter species. The polyphasic approach improved the understanding of the source of the infections, and aided to define the extent and magnitude of this outbreak.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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