Lactic acid bacteria as vaccine delivery vehicles

Autor: L. M. Chamberlain, R. W. F. Le Page, Jerry M. Wells, Karin Schofield, Karen Robinson
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 1996
Předmět:
Zdroj: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 70 (1996) 2-4
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 70(2-4), 317-330
ISSN: 0003-6072
DOI: 10.1007/bf00395939
Popis: Every year the U.S. National Institutes of Health publishes a report called the Jordan Report which describes progress in the study of infectious diseases and their control by means of vaccination. The most recent report, entitled 'Accelerated Development of Vaccines 1995' neatly summarises the background to recent advances in vaccinology, and emphasises the international perspective of these advances. Five years ago the 1990 World Summit for Children (endorsing the concepts proposed by the Children's Vaccine Initiative) agreed that every encouragement should be given by international authorities to developing new vaccines and to ensure that they pass into routine use, reaching every child on a sustainable basis. The scale of this task is large. 500 million health care contacts will be needed each year to immunise a projected global cohort of 125 million children by the year 2000. The new vaccines which are most urgently needed are those that will simplify vaccine distribution and vaccine administration. The new vaccines must reduce dependence on a cold chain, be suitable for oral administration, and be low in cost. Of course, they should also possess the optimal qualities of all good vaccines: be safe, effective and capable of eliciting active immunity in early infancy. The requirement for mucosal (oral) route administration of new vaccines is particularly challenging to those acquainted with immunology. Although many infectious agents gain access to the body, or damage their hosts by colonising mucosal surfaces, very few of these infections can be effectively prevented by using mucosal route immunisation. Indeed, only in the case of a very limited number of diseases is it known that mucosal route immunisation can elicit protective level immune responses. The classical examples are those which involve the use of polio virus, cholera and typhoid vaccines. Our general ignorance of how best to develop mucosally active vaccines has led to an enormous increase in research on the physiology and function of the mucosal (local) immune system, and the development of delivery systems for mucosal immunisation. This is the context in which studies have begun in a number of laboratories into the possibility of using recombinant food-grade lactic acid bacteria as antigenpresenting vehicles.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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