Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil

Autor: Igor Manhães, Emília Pereira, Mariane Martins de Araújo Stefani, Patricia Costa, Gerson Oliveira Penna, Marcos Virmond, Luciana Raquel Vincenzi Fachin, Maria Araci de Andrade Pontes, Antônio Pedro Mendes Schetinni, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Batista, Maria Lúcia Fernandes Penna, Patricia Rosa, Maurício Barcelos Costa
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Bacterial Diseases
Male
Rural Population
Veterinary medicine
Armadillos
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Geographical locations
Animal Cells
Surveys and Questionnaires
Zoonoses
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mycobacterium leprae
Skin
Mammals
Multidisciplinary
biology
integumentary system
Eutheria
Incidence
Zoonosis
Eukaryota
Mycobacterium Leprae
Actinobacteria
Infectious Diseases
Granuloma
Armadillo
Vertebrates
Granulomas
Medicine
Female
Leprosy
Cellular Types
Brazil
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Freshwater Environments
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Adolescent
Immune Cells
Science
030106 microbiology
Immunology
Langhans giant cell
Histopathology
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Medicine
biology.animal
medicine
Animals
Humans
Ecosystem
Disease Reservoirs
Bacteria
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Aquatic Environments
Cell Biology
South America
Bodies of Water
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Xenarthra
Tropical Diseases
Lakes
030104 developmental biology
Dasypus novemcinctus
Anatomical Pathology
Amniotes
Earth Sciences
Lesions
Leprosy
Paucibacillary
People and places
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 1, p e0209491 (2019)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: There is evidence that in southern US, leprosy is a zoonosis infecting wild Dasypus novemcinctus armadillos but the extent of this finding is unknown. This ecological study investigated leprosy in rural communities and in wild armadillos from the Brazilian Amazon. The study area was the Mamia Lake of Coari municipality, Amazonas State, Northern region, a hyper endemic leprosy area where residents live on subsistence farming, fishing and armadillo hunting and its meat intake are frequent. The leprosy survey was conducted in sixteen communities by a visiting team of specialists. Local partakers provided wild armadillos to investigate M. leprae infection. Volunteers had complete dermato-neurological examination by a dermatologist with expertise in leprosy diagnosis, suspect skin lesions were biopsied for histopathology (Hematoxylin-eosin/HE, Fite-Faraco/FF staining); slit skin smears were collected. Armadillos' tissue fragments (skins, spleens, livers, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, others) were prepared for histopathology (HE/FF) and for M. leprae repetitive element-RLEP-qPCR. Among 176 volunteers, six new indeterminate leprosy cases were identified (incidence = 3.4%). Suspect skin sections and slit skin smears were negative for bacilli. Twelve wild D. novemcinctus were investigated (48 specimens/96 slides) and histopathological features of M. leprae infection were not found, except for one skin presenting unspecific inflammatory infiltrate suggestive of indeterminate leprosy. Possible traumatic neuroma, granuloma with epithelioid and Langhans cells, foreign-body granuloma were also identified. Granulomatous/non-granulomatous dermatitides were periodic-acid-Schiff/PAS negative for fungus. M. leprae-RLEP-qPCR was negative in all armadillos' tissues; no bacillus was found in histopathology. Our survey in rural communities confirmed the high endemicity for leprosy while one armadillo was compatible with paucibacillary M. leprae infection. At least in the highly endemic rural area of Coari, in the Brazilian Amazon region where infectious sources from untreated multibacillary leprosy are abundant, M. leprae infected armadillos may not represent a major source of infection nor a significant public health concern.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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