Cannabis use at a young age is associated with psychotic experiences
Autor: | E. J. Breetvelt, W. A. van Gastel, René S. Kahn, Roel A. Ophoff, Iris E. C. Sommer, S. L. Beetz, Christian D. Schubart, Marco P. Boks |
---|---|
Rok vydání: | 2010 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Male Marijuana Abuse medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Statistics as Topic Population Marijuana Smoking Psychoses Substance-Induced Young Adult Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Humans Age of Onset Young adult Child Psychiatry education Applied Psychology Depression (differential diagnoses) Netherlands Subclinical infection education.field_of_study biology Odds ratio biology.organism_classification Confidence interval Psychiatry and Mental health Female Cannabis Age of onset Psychology |
Zdroj: | Psychological Medicine. 41:1301-1310 |
ISSN: | 1469-8978 0033-2917 |
DOI: | 10.1017/s003329171000187x |
Popis: | BackgroundCannabis use is associated with psychosis and a range of subclinical psychiatric symptoms. The strength of this association depends on dosage and age at first use. The current study investigates whether level of cannabis exposure and starting age are associated with specific profiles of subclinical symptoms.MethodWe collected cross-sectional data from a young adult population sample by administering an online version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Cannabis exposure was quantified as the amount of Euros spent on cannabis per week and the age of initial cannabis use. The primary outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) to belong to the highest 10% of scores on the total CAPE and the positive-, negative- and depressive symptom dimensions.ResultsIn 17 698 adolescents (mean age 21.6, s.d.=4.2 years), cannabis use at age 12 years or younger was strongly associated with a top 10% score on psychotic experiences [OR 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–4.3] and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5). The OR of heavy users (>€25/week) for negative symptoms was 3.4 (95% CI 2.9–4.1), for psychotic experiences 3.0 (95% CI 2.4–3.6), and for depressive symptoms 2.8 (95% CI 2.3–3.3).ConclusionsEarly start of cannabis use is strongly associated with subclinical psychotic symptoms and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms, while smoking high amounts of cannabis is associated with increased levels of all three symptom dimensions: psychotic, negative and depressive. These results support the hypothesis that the impact of cannabis use is age specific. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
Externí odkaz: |