Emergence of de novo proteins from 'dark genomic matter' by 'grow slow and moult'
| Autor: | Magdalena Heberlein, Jonathan F. Schmitz, Erich Bornberg-Bauer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Reading Frames
Insecta Proteome Reading frame Biology Biochemistry Genome Evolution Molecular Databases Genetic Insect Proteins Animals Databases Protein Gene Arthropods Protein coding Comparative genomics Genetics Ixodes Models Genetic Gene Expression Regulation Developmental Orphan gene Protein Structure Tertiary Daphnia Evolutionary biology Structural Homology Protein Mutation |
| Zdroj: | Biochemical Society transactions. 43(5) |
| ISSN: | 1470-8752 |
| Popis: | Proteins are the workhorses of the cell and, over billions of years, they have evolved an amazing plethora of extremely diverse and versatile structures with equally diverse functions. Evolutionary emergence of new proteins and transitions between existing ones are believed to be rare or even impossible. However, recent advances in comparative genomics have repeatedly called some 10%–30% of all genes without any detectable similarity to existing proteins. Even after careful scrutiny, some of those orphan genes contain protein coding reading frames with detectable transcription and translation. Thus some proteins seem to have emerged from previously non-coding ‘dark genomic matter’. These ‘de novo’ proteins tend to be disordered, fast evolving, weakly expressed but also rapidly assuming novel and physiologically important functions. Here we review mechanisms by which ‘de novo’ proteins might be created, under which circumstances they may become fixed and why they are elusive. We propose a ‘grow slow and moult’ model in which first a reading frame is extended, coding for an initially disordered and non-globular appendage which, over time, becomes more structured and may also become associated with other proteins. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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