Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Explain Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Old Age?

Autor: Majon Muller, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Didericke Rhebergen, Martijn Huisman, Yolande Appelman, Judith J.M. Rijnhart, Elisabeth Maria van Zutphen, Almar A.L. Kok
Přispěvatelé: Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Internal medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Mental Health, Cardiology, ACS - Microcirculation, APH - Quality of Care, Sociology, The Social Context of Aging (SoCA)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Male
Aging
Disease
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Logistic regression
0302 clinical medicine
Cognition
Epidemiology
80 and over
Smoking/adverse effects
Cardiovascular Diseases/psychology
Aging/psychology
Longitudinal Studies
Episodic memory
Netherlands
Aged
80 and over
Sex Characteristics
Depression
General Neuroscience
Smoking
General Medicine
episodic memory
Middle Aged
Psychiatry and Mental health
Clinical Psychology
Regression Analysis
epidemiology
Female
Episodic
Clinical psychology
Research Article
medicine.medical_specialty
Memory
Episodic
03 medical and health sciences
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Memory
Diabetes mellitus
medicine
sex
Humans
Cognitive skill
Healthy Lifestyle
Exercise
Aged
business.industry
behavior
medicine.disease
Obesity
cardiovascular diseases
Heart Disease Risk Factors
Geriatrics and Gerontology
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Zdroj: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 80(4), 1643-1655. IOS Press
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 80(4), 1643-1655. IOS Press
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
van Zutphen, E M, Rijnhart, J J M, Rhebergen, D, Muller, M, Huisman, M, Beekman, A, Kok, A & Appelman, Y 2021, ' Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Explain Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Old Age? ', Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1643-1655 . https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-201173
Van Zutphen, E M, Rijnhart, J J M, Rhebergen, D, Muller, M, Huisman, M, Beekman, A, Kok, A & Appelman, Y 2021, ' Do cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease explain sex differences in cognitive functioning in old age? ', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 1643-1655 . https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-201173
ISSN: 1387-2877
Popis: BACKGROUND: Sex differences in cognitive functioning in old age are known to exist yet are still poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: This study examines to what extent differences in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease between men and women explain sex differences in cognitive functioning.METHODS: Data from 2,724 older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Information processing speed and episodic memory, measured three times during six years of follow-up, served as outcomes. The mediating role of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease was examined in single and multiple mediator models. Determinant-mediator effects were estimated using linear or logistic regression, and determinant-outcome and mediator-outcome effects were estimated using linear mixed models. Indirect effects were estimated using the product-of-coefficients estimator.RESULTS: Women scored 1.58 points higher on information processing speed and 1.53 points higher on episodic memory. Several cardiovascular risk factors had small mediating effects. The sex difference in information processing speed was mediated by smoking, depressive symptoms, obesity, and systolic blood pressure. The sex difference in episodic memory was mediated by smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Effects of smoking, LDL cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus on information processing speed differed between men and women.CONCLUSION: Differences in cardiovascular risk factors between women and men partially explained why women had better cognitive functioning. A healthy cardiovascular lifestyle seems beneficial for cognition and sex-specific strategies may be important to preserve cognitive functioning at older age.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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