Crystallization in one-step solution deposition of perovskite films: Upward or downward?
| Autor: | Yuze Lin, Leah L. Kelly, Shangshang Chen, Bo Chen, Jinsong Huang, Xun Xiao, Jingjing Zhao, Michael F. Toney |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Spin coating
Multidisciplinary Materials science Evaporation 02 engineering and technology Substrate (electronics) engineering.material 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences 0104 chemical sciences law.invention Coating Chemical engineering law Phase (matter) engineering Wetting Crystallization 0210 nano-technology Perovskite (structure) |
| Zdroj: | Science Advances. 7 |
| ISSN: | 2375-2548 |
| DOI: | 10.1126/sciadv.abb2412 |
| Popis: | Despite the fast progress of perovskite photovoltaic performances, understanding the crystallization and growth of perovskite films is still lagging. One unanswered fundamental question is whether the perovskite films are grown from top (air side) to bottom (substrate side) or from bottom to top despite 10 years of development. Here, by using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and morphology characterizations, we unveil that the perovskite films prepared by one-step solution processes, including antisolvent-assisted spin coating and blade coating, follow the downward growth from intermediate phase during thermal annealing. Such a top-to-bottom downward growth is initialized by the evaporation of residual solvent from the top surface of "wet" films and is less sensitive to perovskite compositions and the wettability of underlying substrates. Addressing this fundamental question is important to understand the heterogeneity of perovskite films along the vertical direction, which markedly affects the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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