How to Discover Traditional Varieties and Shape in a National Germplasm Collection: The Case of Finnish Seed Born Apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
| Autor: | Lidija Bitz, Maarit Heinonen |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Germplasm Malus Cultural knowledge phenotyping Geography Planning and Development Apple tree Management Monitoring Policy and Law 01 natural sciences GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS Crop 03 medical and health sciences Cultivated apple Genetic resources ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION in situ inventory ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences biology ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Agroforestry ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING cultural knowledge biology.organism_classification Heirloom plant genetic resources Geography genotyping cultivated apple sustainable use 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability Volume 11 Issue 24 |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/su11247000 |
| Popis: | Cultivated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is a major crop of economic importance, both globally and regionally. It is currently, and was also in the past, the main commercial fruit in the northern European countries. In Finland, apple trees are grown on the frontier of their northern growing limits. Because of these limits, growing an apple tree from a seed was discovered in practice to be the most appropriate method to get trees that bear fruit for people in the north. This created a unique culturally and genetically rich native germplasm to meet the various needs of apple growers and consumers from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s. The preservation, study and use of this genetic heritage falls within the mandate of the Finnish National Genetic Resources Program. The first national apple clonal collection for germplasm preservation was reorganized from the collections of apple breeders. The need to evaluate the accessions, both in this collection and possible missing ones, to meet the program strategy lead us to evaluate the Finnish apple heritage that is still available in situ in gardens. In this article we use multiple-approach methodologies and datasets to gain well-described, proof-rich samples for the trueness-to-type analysis of old heirloom apple varieties. The approach includes a combination of socio-historic, pomological and genotyping methods and datasets that are all valued as equally important. The main finding was that in addition to the pomological, molecular and genetic evaluation of ex situ apple collections, an extensive historical data and socio-economic conditions research are essential to perform good characterization of accessions. After implementing the results in re-creating the Finnish national apple germplasm collection, the number of Finnish local varieties was more than doubled from 38 accessions to 97. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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