Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Changes behind Benign Tracheal and Subglottic Stenosis in Adults
| Autor: | Alessandro Marchioni, Roberto Tonelli, Alessandro Andreani, Gaia Francesca Cappiello, Matteo Fermi, Fabiana Trentacosti, Ivana Castaniere, Riccardo Fantini, Luca Tabbì, Dario Andrisani, Filippo Gozzi, Giulia Bruzzi, Linda Manicardi, Antonio Moretti, Serena Baroncini, Anna Valeria Samarelli, Massimo Pinelli, Giorgio De Santis, Alessandro Stefani, Daniele Marchioni, Francesco Mattioli, Enrico Clini |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Marchioni A., Tonelli R., Andreani A., Cappiello G.F., Fermi M., Trentacosti F., Castaniere I., Fantini R., Tabbi L., Andrisani D., Gozzi F., Bruzzi G., Manicardi L., Moretti A., Baroncini S., Samarelli A.V., Pinelli M., De Santis G., Stefani A., Marchioni D., Mattioli F., Clini E. |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
tracheostomy
Granulomatosis with polyangiiti Mechanotransduction Cellular Subglottic stenosis tracheal stenosis relapsing polychondritis granulomatosis with polyangiitis web-like stenosis Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Tracheostomy Laryngostenosi Web-like stenosi Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Protein Humans Genetic Predisposition to Disease Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Cytokine Molecular Biology Spectroscopy Relapsing polychondriti Organic Chemistry Laryngostenosis Biomarker General Medicine Subglottic stenosi Biomechanical Phenomena Computer Science Applications Tracheal stenosi Cytokines Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Tracheal Stenosis Biomarkers Human |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23:2421 |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease whose pathogenesis remains unclear. LTS is considered to be the result of aberrant wound-healing process that leads to fibrotic scarring, originating from different aetiology. Although iatrogenic aetiology is the main cause of subglottic or tracheal stenosis, also autoimmune and infectious diseases may be involved in causing LTS. Furthermore, fibrotic obstruction in the anatomic region under the glottis can also be diagnosed without apparent aetiology after a comprehensive workup; in this case, the pathological process is called idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). So far, the laryngotracheal scar resulting from airway injury due to different diseases was considered as inert tissue requiring surgical removal to restore airway patency. However, this assumption has recently been revised by regarding the tracheal scarring process as a fibroinflammatory event due to immunological alteration, similar to other fibrotic diseases. Recent acquisitions suggest that different factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, altered fibroblast function and genetic susceptibility, can all interact in a complex way leading to aberrant and fibrotic wound healing after an insult that acts as a trigger. However, also physiological derangement due to LTS could play a role in promoting dysregulated response to laryngo-tracheal mucosal injury, through biomechanical stress and mechanotransduction activation. The aim of this narrative review is to present the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms, as well as mechanical and physio-pathological features behind LTS. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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