In Vitro Study of the Toxicity Mechanisms of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and Released Iron Ions Using Earthworm Cells
| Autor: | Lenka Pivokonska, Petra Procházková, Martin Pivokonsky, Tomáš Cajthaml, Jaroslav Semerád, Alena Grasserova, Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
ferrous and ferric ions
General Chemical Engineering Eisenia andrei 02 engineering and technology earthworms 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Article Ferrous lcsh:Chemistry coelomocytes medicine General Materials Science Nanoremediation nanoecotoxicology 0105 earth and related environmental sciences chemistry.chemical_classification reactive oxygen species Zerovalent iron Reactive oxygen species nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) biology apoptosis phagocytosis lipid peroxidation 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology biology.organism_classification chemistry lcsh:QD1-999 Environmental chemistry Toxicity Ferric 0210 nano-technology Oxidative stress medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Nanomaterials, Vol 10, Iss 2189, p 2189 (2020) Nanomaterials Volume 10 Issue 11 |
| ISSN: | 2079-4991 |
| Popis: | During the last two decades, nanomaterials based on nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have ranked among the most utilized remediation technologies for soil and groundwater cleanup. The high reduction capacity of elemental iron (Fe0) allows for the rapid and cost-efficient degradation or transformation of many organic and inorganic pollutants. Although worldwide real and pilot applications show promising results, the effects of nZVI on exposed living organisms are still not well explored. The majority of the recent studies examined toxicity to microbes and to a lesser extent to other organisms that could also be exposed to nZVI via nanoremediation applications. In this work, a novel approach using amoebocytes, the immune effector cells of the earthworm Eisenia andrei, was applied to study the toxicity mechanisms of nZVI. The toxicity of the dissolved iron released during exposure was studied to evaluate the effect of nZVI aging with regard to toxicity and to assess the true environmental risks. The impact of nZVI and associated iron ions was studied in vitro on the subcellular level using different toxicological approaches, such as short-term immunological responses and oxidative stress. The results revealed an increase in reactive oxygen species production following nZVI exposure, as well as a dose-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) and necrosis were detected upon exposure to ferric and ferrous ions, although no lethal effects were observed at environmentally relevant nZVI concentrations. The decreased phagocytic activity further confirmed sublethal adverse effects, even after short-term exposure to ferric and ferrous iron. Detection of sublethal effects, including changes in oxidative stress-related markers such as reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production revealed that nZVI had minimal impacts on exposed earthworm cells. In comparison to other works, this study provides more details regarding the effects of the individual iron forms associated with nZVI aging and the cell toxicity effects on the specific earthworms&rsquo immune cells that represent a suitable model for nanomaterial testing. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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