Disinfection by-products in Croatian drinking water supplies with special emphasis on the water supply network in the city of Zagreb
| Autor: | M. Novak Stankov, Livia Kurajica, Jurica Štiglić, Krunoslav Capak, Andrew S. Kinsela, David Waite, M. Ujević Bošnjak |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Haloacetic acids Croatia 0208 environmental biotechnology Hypochlorite 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law 01 natural sciences Natural organic matter Water Purification chemistry.chemical_compound Disinfection by-products Drinking water Zagreb Fluorescence PARAFAC Water Supply medicine Waste Management and Disposal Chlorite 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Croatian Chlorine dioxide Drinking Water Chlorate General Medicine 6. Clean water language.human_language 020801 environmental engineering Disinfection chemistry Environmental chemistry language Dibromoacetic acid Water Pollutants Chemical Disinfectants Trihalomethanes medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Environmental Management. 276:111360 |
| ISSN: | 0301-4797 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111360 |
| Popis: | The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) was investigated in 48 drinking water systems across Croatia. Eleven DBPs were studied: chlorite (ClO2−), chlorate (ClO3−), four trihalomethanes (THMs), and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). Furthermore, an intensive sampling program was conducted in the distribution system in the city of Zagreb where, aside from DBP analyses, natural organic matter (NOM) was characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy. In the drinking waters examined across Croatia, DBP values were found in the range from 0.7 μg/L to 32.8 μg/L for THMs, below LOQ to 17.2 μg/L for HAAs (primarily di- and trichloroacetic acids), below LOQ to 720 μg/L for ClO2− and below LOQ to 431 μg/L for ClO3−. The results obtained showed higher chlorite concentrations in the systems treated with hypochlorite compared to systems treated with chlorine dioxide. DBPs in the Zagreb distribution network were generally low (the average values were below 6 μg/L and 2 μg/L for total THM and total HAA respectively). In contrast to our observations throughout Croatia, dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) was found to be the predominant HAA within Zagreb, most likely due to the degradation of chlorinated carboxylates (di-/tri-chloroacetic) in the network. Characterization of NOM by Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) fluorescence spectroscopy across the Zagreb network showed distinct temporal variations arising from groundwater inputs, as evident from variable humic-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan-like peaks. Statistical correlations between fluorescence data and DBPs highlight its potential for monitoring the presence of DBPs in distribution networks. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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