Co-infecting Reptarenaviruses Can Be Vertically Transmitted in Boa Constrictor
| Autor: | Saskia Keller, Olli Vapalahti, Yegor Korzyukov, Jussi Hepojoki, Udo Hetzel, Anja Kipar, Tarja Sironen |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Department of Virology, Olli Pekka Vapalahti / Principal Investigator, Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, Clinicum, Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Emerging Infections Research Group, University of Zurich, Hepojoki, Jussi |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Embryology Physiology 2405 Parasitology Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension Polymerase Chain Reaction Inclusion Bodies Viral 0403 veterinary science Sequencing techniques Medicine and Health Sciences DNA sequencing Biology (General) 1183 Plant biology microbiology virology Phylogeny biology Transmission (medicine) Coinfection Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction 2404 Microbiology High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Brain Embryo Snakes 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Arenavirus Hematology Genomics Immunohistochemistry Squamates 3. Good health Body Fluids ALIGNMENT Blood INCLUSION-BODY DISEASE Vertebrates VIRUS RNA Viral Biological Cultures Anatomy Transcriptome Analysis BOID SNAKES Research Article Next-Generation Sequencing QH301-705.5 040301 veterinary sciences Offspring TRANSMISSION Immunology 10184 Institute of Veterinary Pathology Research and Analysis Methods Microbiology Virus Incubation period 03 medical and health sciences 1311 Genetics Virology medicine 1312 Molecular Biology Genetics Juvenile ARENAVIRUSES Animals Arenaviridae Infections Molecular Biology Techniques Molecular Biology 2403 Immunology IDENTIFICATION Embryos UPDATED PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Reptiles Computational Biology Kidneys Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Renal System RC581-607 PYTHONS Cell Cultures biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Genome Analysis Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical Boidae 030104 developmental biology REPLICATION Amniotes 2406 Virology 570 Life sciences Parasitology Boa constrictor Immunologic diseases. Allergy Developmental Biology |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Pathogens PLoS Pathogens, Vol 13, Iss 1, p e1006179 (2017) |
| ISSN: | 1553-7374 |
| Popis: | Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD) is an often fatal disease affecting mainly constrictor snakes. BIBD has been associated with infection, and more recently with coinfection, by various reptarenavirus species (family Arenaviridae). Thus far BIBD has only been reported in captive snakes, and neither the incubation period nor the route of transmission are known. Herein we provide strong evidence that co-infecting reptarenavirus species can be vertically transmitted in Boa constrictor. In total we examined five B. constrictor clutches with offspring ranging in age from embryos over perinatal abortions to juveniles. The mother and/or father of each clutch were initially diagnosed with BIBD and/or reptarenavirus infection by detection of the pathognomonic inclusion bodies (IB) and/or reptarenaviral RNA. By applying next-generation sequencing and de novo sequence assembly we determined the “reptarenavirome” of each clutch, yielding several nearly complete L and S segments of multiple reptarenaviruses. We further confirmed vertical transmission of the co-infecting reptarenaviruses by species-specific RT-PCR from samples of parental animals and offspring. Curiously, not all offspring obtained the full parental “reptarenavirome”. We extended our findings by an in vitro approach; cell cultures derived from embryonal samples rapidly developed IB and promoted replication of some or all parental viruses. In the tissues of embryos and perinatal abortions, viral antigen was sometimes detected, but IB were consistently seen only in the juvenile snakes from the age of 2 mo onwards. In addition to demonstrating vertical transmission of multiple species, our results also indicate that reptarenavirus infection induces BIBD over time in the offspring. Author Summary Members of the genus Reptarenavirus are “newcomers” of the family Arenaviridae and have been associated with boid inclusion body disease (BIBD), an economically important, fatal disease of captive boid snakes. Recently, we and others observed that snakes with BIBD commonly harbour several S and L segments (arenaviruses have a bisegmented genome), which we refer to as co-infection. The above renders reptarenaviruses rather unique and a model for studying viral co-infection. We herein report that reptarenaviruses, and remarkably a whole set of co-infecting reptarenavirus species (based on the nucleotide difference in the L segment), can be transmitted vertically i.e. from parents to offspring. While the parental animals had BIBD, we did not find evidence of the intracytoplasmic inclusions characteristic to BIBD in the infected embryos and perinatal abortions. However, we could confirm the development of BIBD in offspring from an age of 2 months. Our findings further suggest that vertical transmission can, and likely has, significantly influence(d) the evolution of reptarenaviruses, since co-infection will allow reassortment of the viral genomes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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