Comparative reproductive dormancy differentiation in European black scavenger flies (Diptera: Sepsidae)
| Autor: | Wolf U. Blanckenhorn, Valérian Zeender, Natalia Gourgoulianni, Jeannine Roy, Patrick T. Rohner, Martin A. Schäfer, Alexandra Wegmann |
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| Přispěvatelé: | University of Zurich, Blanckenhorn, Wolf U |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Sepsidae Evolution media_common.quotation_subject Zoology Diapause 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies Behavior and Systematics Thoracica Animals Simuliidae Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics media_common photoperiodism Ecological niche biology Ecology 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Diptera Reproduction biology.organism_classification Cold Temperature Europe 1105 Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Dormancy 570 Life sciences 590 Animals (Zoology) Female Seasons Adaptation |
| Popis: | Seasonality is a key environmental factor that regularly promotes life history adaptation. Insects invading cold–temperate climates need to overwinter in a dormant state. We compared the role of temperature and photoperiod in dormancy induction in the laboratory, as well as winter survival and reproduction in the field and the laboratory, of 5 widespread European dung fly species (Diptera: Sepsidae) to investigate their extent of ecological differentiation and thermal adaptation. Unexpectedly, cold temperature is the primary environmental factor inducing winter dormancy, with short photoperiod playing an additional role mainly in species common at high altitudes and latitudes (Sepsis cynipsea, neocynipsea, fulgens), but not in those species also thriving in southern Europe (thoracica, punctum). All species hibernate as adults rather than juveniles. S. thoracica had very low adult winter survivorship under both (benign) laboratory and (harsh) field conditions, suggesting flexible quiescence rather than genetically fixed winter diapause, restricting their distribution towards the pole. All other species appear well suited for surviving cold, Nordic winters. Females born early in the season reproduce before winter while late-born females reproduce after winter, fulgens transitioning earliest before winter and thoracica and punctum latest; a bet-hedging strategy of reproduction during both seasons occurs rarely but is possible physiologically. Fertility patterns indicate that females can store sperm over winter. Winter dormancy induction mechanisms of European sepsids are congruent with their geographic distribution, co-defining their thermal niches. Flexible adult winter quiescence appears the easiest route for insects spreading towards the poles to evolve the necessary overwinter survival. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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