Regulatory groundwater monitoring: Realistic residues of pinoxaden and metabolites at vulnerable locations

Autor: Michael Bird, Garry Langridge, Joseph White, Nick D. Jones, Richard Andrews, Victor J. Rincón, Mark Greener, Sarah McManus, Sevil Payvandi, David I. Schofield, Paul Hamer, Regina Dorn, Tirso García de Oteyza, Paul Sweeney
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment. 761
ISSN: 1879-1026
Popis: A bespoke groundwater monitoring programme was designed to generate a database of pinoxaden and metabolite concentrations in shallow groundwater at agricultural locations across Europe. The data generated from this programme represent a higher tier refinement of modelled exposure estimates and provide realistic information on groundwater quality at vulnerable locations which will aid plant protection product (PPP) assessment in Europe in relation to Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. The Regulatory GeoPEARL_3.3.3 model developed by RIVM was used to estimate the vulnerability of cereal growing regions to leaching of two pinoxaden metabolites across the entire EU at a 1 km2 level using 20 years of daily weather data (MARS, EU JRC). Seventy sites located within the upper 50th percentile of leaching vulnerability from this modelling exercise, crop density and shallow groundwater were selected for monitoring groundwater. Retrospective and prospective pinoxaden product applications at candidate sites were recorded and these data used to place sites in the distribution for Europe. The 70 sites all fulfil the site assessment criteria and have no confining layers which may prevent or delay leaching. All sites equipped with groundwater wells had a minimum of two pinoxaden applications in the preceding four years to cereal crops. A total of 1326 samples were analysed from up to 90 down hydraulic gradient wells at 70 locations between June 2015 and July 2018. Results indicate that pinoxaden and pinoxaden metabolites are very unlikely to reach shallow groundwater at concentrations greater than 0.1 μg/L for relevant metabolites, or 10 μg/L for non-relevant metabolites, respectively (Sanco/221/2000-rev.10). Over 38 months of groundwater monitoring the annual average and 90th percentile for pinoxaden or its metabolites never exceeded 0.1 μg/L and it is proposed that these data infer that exposure to these metabolites is minimal.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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