Controversies Surrounding the Origin of Hepatocytes in Adult Livers and the in Vitro Generation or Propagation of Hepatocytes
| Autor: | Kevin J. Liu, Massimo Nichane, Nicole Min Qian Pek, Lay Teng Ang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Liver Stem Cell Review medicine.disease_cause PSC pluripotent stem cell 0302 clinical medicine Ploidy Induced pluripotent stem cell Cells Cultured Liver injury TNF tumor necrosis factor Yap Yes-associated protein PI3K/Akt phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B Gastroenterology Cell Differentiation Liver regeneration Cell biology HIF hypoxia-inducible factor medicine.anatomical_structure Liver Hepatocyte Differentiation 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology Stem cell Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Skp2 S-phase kinase associated protein 2 Biology Tert telomerase reverse transcriptase 03 medical and health sciences HepLC hepatocyte-like cell Zonation Liver Stem Cells medicine Humans Regeneration Hepatocyte Expansion lcsh:RC799-869 Cell Proliferation EGF epidermal growth factor Hepatology Regeneration (biology) 3D three-dimensional medicine.disease Liver Regeneration 030104 developmental biology Tumorigenesis Hepatocytes lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology HGF hepatocyte growth factor Carcinogenesis HCC hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Zdroj: | Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 273-290 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2352-345X |
| Popis: | Epithelial cells in the liver (known as hepatocytes) are high-performance engines of myriad metabolic functions and versatile responders to liver injury. As hepatocytes metabolize amino acids, alcohol, drugs, and other substrates, they produce and are exposed to a milieu of toxins and harmful byproducts that can damage themselves. In the healthy liver, hepatocytes generally divide slowly. However, after liver injury, hepatocytes can ramp up proliferation to regenerate the liver. Yet, on extensive injury, regeneration falters, and liver failure ensues. It is therefore critical to understand the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration and, in particular, which liver cells are mobilized during liver maintenance and repair. Controversies continue to surround the very existence of hepatic stem cells and, if they exist, their spatial location, multipotency, degree of contribution to regeneration, ploidy, and susceptibility to tumorigenesis. This review discusses these controversies. Finally, we highlight how insights into hepatocyte regeneration and biology in vivo can inform in vitro studies to propagate primary hepatocytes with liver regeneration-associated signals and to generate hepatocytes de novo from pluripotent stem cells. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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