Controversies Surrounding the Origin of Hepatocytes in Adult Livers and the in Vitro Generation or Propagation of Hepatocytes

Autor: Kevin J. Liu, Massimo Nichane, Nicole Min Qian Pek, Lay Teng Ang
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Liver Stem Cell
Review
medicine.disease_cause
PSC
pluripotent stem cell
0302 clinical medicine
Ploidy
Induced pluripotent stem cell
Cells
Cultured
Liver injury
TNF
tumor necrosis factor
Yap
Yes-associated protein
PI3K/Akt
phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B
Gastroenterology
Cell Differentiation
Liver regeneration
Cell biology
HIF
hypoxia-inducible factor
medicine.anatomical_structure
Liver
Hepatocyte
Differentiation
030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
Stem cell
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Skp2
S-phase kinase associated protein 2
Biology
Tert
telomerase reverse transcriptase
03 medical and health sciences
HepLC
hepatocyte-like cell
Zonation
Liver Stem Cells
medicine
Humans
Regeneration
Hepatocyte Expansion
lcsh:RC799-869
Cell Proliferation
EGF
epidermal growth factor
Hepatology
Regeneration (biology)
3D
three-dimensional
medicine.disease
Liver Regeneration
030104 developmental biology
Tumorigenesis
Hepatocytes
lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology
HGF
hepatocyte growth factor
Carcinogenesis
HCC
hepatocellular carcinoma
Zdroj: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 273-290 (2021)
ISSN: 2352-345X
Popis: Epithelial cells in the liver (known as hepatocytes) are high-performance engines of myriad metabolic functions and versatile responders to liver injury. As hepatocytes metabolize amino acids, alcohol, drugs, and other substrates, they produce and are exposed to a milieu of toxins and harmful byproducts that can damage themselves. In the healthy liver, hepatocytes generally divide slowly. However, after liver injury, hepatocytes can ramp up proliferation to regenerate the liver. Yet, on extensive injury, regeneration falters, and liver failure ensues. It is therefore critical to understand the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration and, in particular, which liver cells are mobilized during liver maintenance and repair. Controversies continue to surround the very existence of hepatic stem cells and, if they exist, their spatial location, multipotency, degree of contribution to regeneration, ploidy, and susceptibility to tumorigenesis. This review discusses these controversies. Finally, we highlight how insights into hepatocyte regeneration and biology in vivo can inform in vitro studies to propagate primary hepatocytes with liver regeneration-associated signals and to generate hepatocytes de novo from pluripotent stem cells.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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