Modeling Coastal Vulnerability Through Space and Time
| Autor: | Marcia S. Meixler, Thomas Hopper |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Topography
InVEST Marsh 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Vulnerability lcsh:Medicine Marine and Aquatic Sciences Wetland 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Geographical locations Coastal Ecosystems New York (N.Y.) lcsh:Science Islands Multidisciplinary geography.geographical_feature_category Ecology Environmental resource management Habitats Erosion Research Article Freshwater Environments Jamaica Coastal vulnerability New York Storm surge Marshes Ecosystems Ecosystem Jamaica Bay (N.Y.) 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Shore Caribbean geography Landforms Coastal hazards Flood myth business.industry lcsh:R Ecology and Environmental Sciences Shores Aquatic Environments Biology and Life Sciences Storm Geomorphology Models Theoretical Marine Environments Coasts North America Earth Sciences Environmental science Geographical information systems lcsh:Q People and places business Spatial statistics and spatial modeling |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 10, p e0163495 (2016) |
| DOI: | 10.7282/t39s1tws |
| Popis: | Coastal ecosystems experience a wide range of stressors including wave forces, storm surge, sea-level rise, and anthropogenic modification and are thus vulnerable to erosion. Urban coastal ecosystems are especially important due to the large populations these limited ecosystems serve. However, few studies have addressed the issue of urban coastal vulnerability at the landscape scale with spatial data that are finely resolved. The purpose of this study was to model and map coastal vulnerability and the role of natural habitats in reducing vulnerability in Jamaica Bay, New York, in terms of nine coastal vulnerability metrics (relief, wave exposure, geomorphology, natural habitats, exposure, exposure with no habitat, habitat role, erodible shoreline, and surge) under past (1609), current (2015), and future (2080) scenarios using InVEST 3.2.0. We analyzed vulnerability results both spatially and across all time periods, by stakeholder (ownership) and by distance to damage from Hurricane Sandy. We found significant differences in vulnerability metrics between past, current and future scenarios for all nine metrics except relief and wave exposure. The marsh islands in the center of the bay are currently vulnerable. In the future, these islands will likely be inundated, placing additional areas of the shoreline increasingly at risk. Significant differences in vulnerability exist between stakeholders; the Breezy Point Cooperative and Gateway National Recreation Area had the largest erodible shoreline segments. Significant correlations exist for all vulnerability (exposure/surge) and storm damage combinations except for exposure and distance to artificial debris. Coastal protective features, ranging from storm surge barriers and levees to natural features (e.g. wetlands), have been promoted to decrease future flood risk to communities in coastal areas around the world. Our methods of combining coastal vulnerability results with additional data and across multiple time periods have considerable potential to provide valuable predictions that resource managers can effectively use to identify areas for restoration and protection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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