Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago
| Autor: | Leo Tobler, Thilo Rehren, Gabriela Gramlich, Margit Schwikowski, T. Kellerhals, Anja Eichler |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
geography
Multidisciplinary geography.geographical_feature_category 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Horizon (archaeology) Ice core Glacier Copper metallurgy 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Archaeology Article Chemistry South america 540 Chemistry Metallurgy Smelting Period (geology) 570 Life sciences biology QD1-999 Copper 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | CHIMIA, Vol 72, Iss 3 (2018) Scientific Reports Eichler, A.; Gramlich, Gabriela; Kellerhals, T.; Tobler, L.; Rehren, Th.; Schwikowski, Margit (2017). Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago. Scientific Reports, 7(1), p. 41855. Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/srep41855 |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/srep41855 |
| Popis: | The importance of metallurgy for social and economic development is indisputable. Although copper (Cu) was essential for the wealth of pre- and post-colonial societies in the Andes, the onset of extensive Cu metallurgy in South America is still debated. Comprehensive archaeological findings point to first sophisticated Cu metallurgy during the Moche culture ~200–800 AD, whereas peat-bog records from southern South America suggest earliest pollution potentially from Cu smelting as far back as ~2000 BC. Here we present a 6500-years Cu emission history for the Andean Altiplano, based on ice-core records from Illimani glacier in Bolivia, providing the first complete history of large-scale Cu smelting activities in South America. We find earliest anthropogenic Cu pollution during the Early Horizon period ~700–50 BC, and attribute the onset of intensified Cu smelting in South America to the activities of the central Andean Chiripa and Chavin cultures ~2700 years ago. This study provides for the first time substantial evidence for extensive Cu metallurgy already during these early cultures. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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