Modifying macronutrients is superior to microbiome transplantation in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
| Autor: | Denise Chac, Nicholas Schillingford, R. William DePaolo, Fontini Tania Mitsinikos |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Dietary Fiber
0301 basic medicine Microbiology (medical) medicine.medical_specialty medicine.medical_treatment microbiome Liver transplantation Biology digestive system Microbiology Gastroenterology Pathogenesis Feces Mice 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease NAFLD Internal medicine Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease medicine Animals Microbiome lcsh:RC799-869 Diet Fat-Restricted Bacteria nutritional and metabolic diseases Fecal Microbiota Transplantation medicine.disease digestive system diseases Gastrointestinal Microbiome Mice Inbred C57BL Transplantation nutrition 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Liver Diet Paleolithic Cytokines lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology Research Article Research Paper Chronic liver injury |
| Zdroj: | Gut Microbes article-version (VoR) Version of Record Gut Microbes, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1949-0984 1949-0976 |
| Popis: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver injury and liver transplantation in Western countries. The pathogenesis of NAFLD includes overnutrition-associated metabolic syndrome or the improper consumption of dietary macro- and micro-nutrients that either support or prevent disease development. This altered nutrient landscape has been linked to shifts within the gut microbiota which can exacerbate liver pathology and the progression of NAFLD. Treatment goals for NAFLD target lifestyle and dietary modifications that restrict calories and adjust macronutrient content. It is not well understood how different macronutrients alter the microbiota and whether the diet-educated microbiota contribute to the resolution of disease. We fed mice a diet high in fat, cholesterol and fructose for 6 weeks and then in two different arms of the study, intervened with either a diet high in saturated and polyunsaturated fats and fiber or low in fats and fiber. In a second set of experiments, we performed microbiota transplants using cecal contents from mice fed one of the intervention diets to assess whether the diet-educated microbiota could impact clinical outcomes in mice fed a NAFLD-inducing diet. Pathology, steatosis, ALT/AST levels, and liver cytokine levels were measured as primary outcomes. We found that despite different microbiota compositions, both of the intervention diets reversed the progression of NAFLD and dampened inflammation. In contrast, transplantation of cecal contents from the intervention diet-fed mice to mice receiving a NAFLD-inducing diet was unable to prevent disease progression, and, in some cases, worsened disease. These data underscore the importance of dietary modifications to treat NAFLD and caution against the use of microbiota transplantation in the absence of dietary and lifestyle modifications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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